Morality of Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Ethical quality of Abortion - Essay Example In this way, the discussion between the two gatherings proceeds interminably. Since either party neglects to shake off the setting particularity of premature birth, the gatherings on either side of fetus removal makes them powerless against each other’s evaluates (Marquis 183-187). Personhood, right to life, and morals are a few repeating catchphrases in both the professional and contra premature birth banter. Frequently these topics fill in as the stupendous standards of the endeavors to approve the contentions of either party on the issue of fetus removal. In any case, tragically, these topics themselves have been sullied by the setting particularity. In his article, â€Å"A Defense of Abortion†, however Jarvis Thompson endeavors to manage the admissibility of general premature birth, he for the most part floats around some particular settings of fetus removal that may draw the readers’ passionate help, and afterward discerning, to his position on the issue of premature birth. Undoubtedly Thompson’s approach is to build up a person’s or a woman’s right to premature birth from an unadulterated moral perspective. He contends that since a sudden origination of a child in its mother’s belly because of an assault or different cases is in direct clash with its mother’s option to pick, the mother’s decision to premature birth may end up being mean and egotistical as per the current ethics of a general public, however she has the option to prematurely end the infant. Thompson’s achievement lies in drawing a reasonable polarity among ethics and morals on the issue of the fetus removal. As indicated by him, a mother’s option to decide to deny her unborn infant from its entitlement to life through fetus removal ought to be founded on morals, though her decision to permit the infant to live in her belly is an issue of her and her society’s profound quality. Thompson’s propounded morals affirms that if one’s right to decision doesn't come into direct clash with another’s right to life, the person in question can't be considered answerable for the infringement of

Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA: Defining Our Life Essay -- Biology Scien

Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA: Defining Our Life Hereditary qualities is characterized as the investigation of heredity. Heredity is constrained by qualities, which help in the advancement of a cell organism’s distinct attributes. Such attributes incorporate sex, hair shading, eye shading, and endless different characteristics. Qualities are made out of deoxyribonucleic corrosive, all the more ordinarily contracted as DNA. Deoxyribonucleic corrosive conveys the hereditary material for every cell life form. These atoms convey the data expected to coordinate numerous significant procedures that occur within the cell. This data is essential to the endurance and soundness of the creature. Hereditary qualities has a long history loaded up with various researchers working off of their predecessors’ information so as to shape new hypotheses. There are numerous occasions and researchers who have been significant effects on the investigation of heredity after some time. In 1809, a French scientist, Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, proposed the main complete hypothesis of advancement. He guaranteed, â€Å"new species begin by common procedures and that man has a chimp ancestry† (Bailey 13). His thoughts become a significant effect on transformative speculation for the following one hundred and a quarter century. In 1859, Charles Darwin distributed his hypothesis of development by common determination called The Origin of the Species. This extremely disputable work is as yet the subject of discussion over a hundred and after forty years. Hence, the absolute most essential logical basics stayed unnoticed because of the shadow this debate cast over science. In 1866, Gre gor Mendel, an Austrian priest, distributes his hypotheses of legacy. His trials managed the legacy of â€Å"factors† in pea plants. Thes... ...ematical characteristics, characteristics sufficiently significant to assume mama significant job in a book, a book that has now been made into a school class! Without this minuscule particle, than can be spoken to in three letters, DNA, life as we probably am aware it today would not exist. That is one ground-breaking particle. Reference index Lewis, Ricki. Human Genetics. Boston, McGraw-Hill, 2001. Bailey, Jill. Hereditary qualities and Evolution: The Molecules of Inheritance. New York, Oxford University Press, 1995. Parkin, David T. An Introduction to Evolutionary Genetics. London, Edward Arnold Publishers, 1979. Portage, E.B. Getting Genetics. New York, Pica Press, 1979. Hofstadter, Douglas R. Godel, Escher Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. New York, Basic Books, 1979. Relethford, John H. The Human Species:An Introduction to Biological Anthropology. The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003.

How is violence presented in Lord of the Flies? Essay

Parallel restrictions: Civilisation versus brutality (breakdowns). Zoomorphism Binary resistances: Dictatorship versus vote based system (juxtapositions) Deaths of Simon and Piggy †carnal, savage reciting, rough conduct when they let their enticements show signs of improvement of them. Simon and the monster? End †end of the novel William Golding investigates the topic of viciousness all through his novel ‘Lord of the Flies’. He accepted that each individual can possibly draw out their inward malicious, and that each person is defective in their temperament. Henceforth, he composed a novel with a mean to utilize characterisation of mankind’s basic infection, after his time spent in war. He additionally meant to challenge Ballantyne’s ‘Coral Island’. ‘Lord of the Flies’ presents the powerless and brutal breakdown †alongside devolution, of civilisation on the island by utilizing definitive imagery, allegorical symbolism and scriptural references to strengthen this loss of mankind in this degenerate system. In the article of the novel, we are acclimated with the setting of the island †which starts as an ideal world for the young men, with â€Å"the gleaming water†. This has paradisiacal undertones, demonstrating the island to be an undeniable spot of excellence, alongside the â€Å"lagoon† and â€Å"young palm trees†, which again is a pure trademark for a position of happiness. Be that as it may, this diverges from the dim qualities of the island additionally being delineated †which begin getting conspicuous and sets the subject of brutality in Golding’s tale. The plane accident on the island is depicted as a â€Å"scar†, suggesting that the imprint left has forever harmed the island, which was once immaculate and perfect. The utilization of this scary and overwhelming word ‘scar’ shows the ruin and harm of the circumstance wherein the plane has originated from, subsequently depicting brutal highlights. Besides, this uncovers the foundation data to the plot †the young men are evacuees from the war who have landedâ on this island because of a plane accident; which means brutality as of now. Another case of savagery on the island is communicated through Golding’s portrayal of highlights by and large connected with islands †â€Å"skull-like† and â€Å"decaying† coconuts. These modifiers have harsh implications. Besides, the â€Å"witch-like cry† represents shrewdness, and this makes pairings with the past idealistic impression of the island, which indications to the perusers that this island may not so much be as mysterious as regarded. Another way the subject of brutality is introduced over the novel, is through the parallel restrictions †mainly the topic of civilisation versus viciousness. The set up division between the two gatherings of young men each speak to a specific angle to society. The characters (prevalently) Ralph, Piggy and Simon speak to civilisation with the utilization of the conch to show request and control during the sorted out and contained gatherings. Then again, there is Jack who drives his trackers (or his â€Å"tribe†), speaking to brutality. From the start they cooperate, however contradictions in a matter of seconds lead to dehumanization of their connections †following movement from a â€Å"shy liking† among Jack and Ralph, to Jack attempting to kill ralph towards the novel’s goals. The major pinnacle of this restriction is available during the irrefutable enticement of yearning, when Ralph and Piggy join the trackers as their edginess for food dominates. The allegorical symbolism set by Golding of Simon’s passing shows the tallness of this savagery and how the young men let the malevolence within them win. Simon’s figurative job or capacity in the novel incorporates scriptural hints. â€Å"†¦and was secured with a layer of pearls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  these celestial implications underline the savagery present, as they stand out from the other-worldly and Christ-like nature of Simon, whom the savages pitilessly killed. Following this episode, the conch is broken and when Piggy’s glasses are broken (alongside the passing of the fire that recently happened), it foretells the complete devastation of any conceivable civilisation consistently returning back to the island, demonstrating the death yet need of law, request and reason in the public eye). From this point forward, Ralph is disregarded to confront the savages. This all underlines Golding’s thoughts that people have insidiousness and contempt somewhere within them, and could let the repressed monster totally and savagely dominate on the off chance that they be accommodating to even a touch of allurement. The other paired resistance additionally winning in this novel isâ dictatorship versus majority rules system. This juxtaposition is likewise used to depict brutality over the novel. For instance, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† Here, we can see the improvement of the conduct of the, as turning increasingly more rough when they dismiss the conch, and the feeling of majority rules system is separated or lost. Brutality is introduced in the novel through the different passings of both Piggy and Simon. Preceding Simon’s murder, the young men had been reciting â€Å"Kill the monster! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!† in â€Å"complementary circles†. These are ground-breaking phrases which Golding infests utilizing the standard of three, to feature the violence of this brutal, ancestral practice. The activities of these little youngsters are likewise appalling and sickening. â€Å"At once, the group flooded after it, poured down the stone, jumped on to the mammoth, shout, struck, piece and tore. There were no words, and no developments however the tearing of teeth and claws.† These bestial action words have undertones of zoomorphism; reverberating people with the resemblance and conduct of creatures. This is additionally critical as people are intended to be insightful †with the limit with respect to tolerable correspondence through language and words. In any case, here, the young men are so inundated and devoured in their savage activities of fierceness, that they have put some distance between their ‘human’ sides, unfit to separate among great and awful, that they have lost that ability to speak, and rather are falling back on un-humanized, uncouth methods. â€Å"Teeth and claws† are generally connected with huge predators, thus by utilizing this, Golding is giving us that once you offer aside to a little savagery, you can transform into a total ‘animal’. The action word â€Å"tearing† showing tearing human is stunning and furthermore depicts eagerness. This viciousness is additionally underscored through Golding’s saintly depiction, post-demise of the hero. â€Å"†¦was secured with a layer of pearls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows the immaculateness reflected upon Simon, just as â€Å"the line of his cheek silvered†, which has Christ-like ramifications. The expression â€Å"silver shape† depicts an idealistic sheen and quality in Simon, as his â€Å"dead body moved out towards the open sea†, when he at long last discovers harmony. This is additionally stood out from Piggy’s matter-of-actuality, and logical demise. â€Å"Piggy’s arms and legs jerked, similar to a pig’s after it has been killed†. The lexical field utilized is grim and terrible, in this way again depicting the brutality, long with the utilization of sub-vocals, â€Å"zup†,â noise, and commotion used to supplant language, being utilized by the young men to communicate and associate with one another. Piggy’s passing had been indicated from the very beginning of the novel, through little occurrences of brutality happening. For instance, it advanced from Roger toward the start tossing stones at the little ones, pointing â€Å"to miss†, to him rolling the rock that executed Piggy. Viciousness had additionally been available when Ralph â€Å"machine-gunned Piggy†. In addition, jack’s savage activities of murdering the pig toward the beginning likewise portends piggy’s demise, as it prompted him being slaughtered at long last. Towards the novel’s end, we are taken back to the real world and reminded that these ‘savages’, are in actuality only a â€Å"group of painted boys†. This is another way that savagery is introduced in the novel; since we are indicated that all these terrible activities in the novel, were in truth just performed by pretty much nothing, when honest kids. In reality, the brutality had been demanding to the point, that is had caused dehumanization of qualities and characters. For instance, toward the beginning Percival â€Å"recited† his name, though when help showed up, â€Å"there was no more to come. Percival Wemys Madison looked for in his mind for a spell that had blurred clean away†. This breaking down of discourse, and the reality Percival as overlooked how to talk underlines the demolition brought about by the savagery. The closure has a deus-ex-machina factor to it †directly at the pinnacle of the viciousness, salvage had come. The o fficial asks the young men â€Å"what have you been doing? Having a war or something?† which is amusing on the grounds that they were really having a â€Å"war†. This could likewise be viewed as a microcosm for the Cold war that had been happening, during the time Golding composed this novel.

Abolish The Death Penalty Essays - , Term Papers

Abrogate The Death Penalty Abrogate the Death Penalty Capital punishment capital punishment is a significant issue that raises a great deal of contentions in our general public. The most significant inquiry concerning the passing punishment is whether it ought to be abrogated or not. I imagine that capital punishment is a definitive refusal of human rights. It abuses the privilege to life as announced in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is a definitive coldblooded, barbaric, what's more, corrupting discipline. Race, social and financial status, area of wrongdoing, and unadulterated possibility might be central factors in death condemning. In expansion, examiners look for capital punishment undeniably more much of the time when the casualty of the crime is white than when the casualty is dark. The genuine expense of an execution is generously higher than the expense of detaining an individual for life. Passing was in the past the punishment for all lawful offenses in English law. Practically speaking capital punishment was never applied as broadly as the law gave, as a assortment of systems were received to diminish the brutality of the law. Numerous wrongdoers who perpetrated capital wrongdoings were absolved, as a rule on condition that they consented to be moved to what were then the American provinces; others were permitted what was known as advantage of clergy(Ploski 2). The start of advantage of pastorate was that guilty parties who were built up ministers were dependent upon preliminary by the congregation courts instead of the non-strict courts. On the off chance that the guilty party sentenced for a lawful offense could show that he had be appointed, he was permitted to go free, subject to the chance of being rebuffed by the clerical courts. In medieval occasions the main confirmation of appointment was proficiency, and it turned into the custom by the seventeenth century to permit anybody indicted for a lawful offense to get away from capital punishment by giving confirmation of literacy(Ploski 4). In eighteenth century England worry with increasing wrongdoing prompted numerous resolutions either expanding the quantity of offenses culpable with demise or getting rid of advantage of church for existing lawful offenses, which as a result became capital(Black 2). Before the finish of the eighteenth century English criminal law contained around 200 capital offenses. Numerous guilty parties who were sentenced for capital wrongdoings got away from the hangman's tree because of respites and regal exonerations, for the most part on state of transportation, and numerous other people who were accused of capital violations were cleared against the proof, since the jury was reluctant to see capital punishment applied in a minor case(Black 5). The capricious use of capital punishment in the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth hundreds of years prompted requests for compassionate change. Somewhere in the range of 1820 and 1840 most capital resolutions were revoked, and by 1861 just homicide, injustice, fire related crime in a regal dockyard, and robbery with savagery held capital punishment. Until the mid-nineteenth century executions in England were open, and all through the eighteenth century extraordinary groups went to the customary executions in London and other cities(Ploski 6). Frequently an execution was trailed by scenes of savagery and confusion in the group. General assessment inevitably betrayed the possibility of executions as exhibitions, and after 1868 executions were completed in private jails( Black 7). The most punctual recorded execution submitted in the U.S. under state authority was in 1864. During 1864-1890, 57 people were executed under state authority( Kasper 8). Since the 1960's, 100% of the executions performed under common power have been state executions(Mello 7). The force for neighborhood governments to perform executions, in any case, extraordinarily dropped during this century. Maybe the exchange of capital punishment power from neighborhood to state governments was in part because of expanded innovation. Improved correspondences made it simpler to bring together the dynamic about executions with state governments(Black 9). The lawful murdering of a criminal via doing a demise sentence is a sort of discipline called the death penalty. By removing a criminal's life, the death penalty is a definitive punishment. From 1930 to 1933, 4,085 detainees were executed in the United States(Haines 3). In 1972, the Supreme Court decided that laws managing capital punishment in different states were characterized as being unlawful in the structure in which that existed at that point. This decision kept any executions from occurring that is all. In 1976, be that as it may, the Supreme Court maintained reexamined state laws concerning discipline, which made it lawfully conceivable again for states to do capital punishments. From 1977 to 1993, 226 detainees were executed(Kasper 2). The death penalty offenses vary between the states, furthermore, not all states have a capital punishment. Most states with capital punishment pick first-degree murder as a capital offense. Some felonies likewise can be

Social Influences in the Change of Opinion Research Paper - 1375 Words

Social Influences in the Change of Opinion Research Paper (Essay Sample) Content: SOCIAL INFLUENCES OF CHANGEBy:(Name)Presented to(Instructor, Course)(Institution, Location)Date:IntroductionThe social setting within which individuals live or interact is a major determinant of change and adoption of behavior among other things. Social influences are the major determinants of individual behavior and the decisions that different personalities will make with regards to different areas of their livesCITATION Sol14 \p 43 \l 1033 (Solomon, 2014, p. 43). As such, people make decisions either to fit within a given social group, or due to the benefits that such decisions will yield for them and their beloved ones. To determine such benefits, individuals refer to other persons within their social environment. As such, social psychology provides a lens through which the influences of individual behavior can be determined and how such is important in the adoption of new approaches to business such as the digitization of business. This paper seeks to review the various social influences that are likely to determine the changes that an individual ought to make in order to flourish within the contemporary digital economy.Social RolesThe presence of other persons within an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s social context may prove to be highly important in influencing their behavior in different ways. Nevertheless, social roles tend to be the most important influence of individual behavior as it involves the expectations that other persons set up of others. Individual do not expect other personsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ behavior to be random, but to be particular to a certain way as defined by their situationCITATION Han14 \p 228 \l 1033 (Kaufmann, 2014, p. 228). As such, every social situation has been accorded a given set of expectations concerning how best it is to behave. These expectations vary from one group to the other. These expectations are apparent in the roles played by different individuals within the society. As such, social roles refer to the part pl ayed by individuals within their social group. The adoption of each social role leads to changes in behavior and decision making approaches that are particular to such a role.The social roles adopted by individuals within their social environment are defined by the available social normsCITATION Ros11 \p 78 \l 1033 (Reiter, 2011, p. 78). The latter are a set of rules that define the course of action that ought to be take in every given situation by those bearing certain roles. This is an important consideration when it comes to making of decisions in the business environment. With the social roles being a major determinant of social behavior and social behavior being a major determinant of economic behavior, social roles are an important consideration of economic behavior. Individual tend to uphold behavior that fulfills certain norms within, an aspect referred to as conformity CITATION Pau12 \l 1033 (Adams, 2012). In the current digital environment, individuals are bound to pick on changes that allow for their conformity with the social norms that define their social roles.NurtureAnother important determinant of individual behavior is the aspect of being nurtured. The process of nurturing involves the kind of exposure that individuals have and what they consider as being important to themCITATION Ant15 \p 60 \l 1033 (Biglan, 2015, p. 60). Under nurturing, the two most important determinants of decision making, which could be important in deciding the kind of changes to implement in the current digital economy, include humanism and behaviorism. Under humanism, Maslow established basic physical needs that individuals aim at attaining or achieving. As such, persons are more receptive to ideas that fulfill their needs and reject those that do not. This is a highly important point when it comes to making decisions on the kind of changes to adopt from the established market system. Consumers are likely to engage in transactions that will uphold their needs as de fined by Maslow, and such needs may vary with the context in which they operate from and the level of fulfillment of their previous needsCITATION Fro14 \p 135 \l 1033 (Pirson, et al., 2014, p. 135). In addition, the social context of an individual influences their self-concept, an aspect that allows individuals to develop a certain understanding of themselves and their needs. As such they make decision based on such needs, established based on the constructs of the society in which they live.On the other hand, behaviorism dictates that individuals learn all behavior from their environment via conditioningCITATION Spe121 \p 437 \l 1033 (Rathus, 2012, p. 437). Contrary to internal events including emotion and thinking, behaviorism is mainly concerned with behavior that is observable. As such, individuals tend to respond to certain stimulus within their immediate environment through their decision making. In this perspective, when making decisions on changes that ought to be upheld i n order to succeed in the global digital economy, it is important to understand the various environmental factors that influence the behavior of individuals, including technological factors.ConformityConformity is another major social influence that is important in determining the various changes that ought to be adopted within the global digital economy in order to experience success. This involves changing the behavior or belief of an individual in order to fit within a certain group. In this case, individuals make change in response to imagined or real group pressureCITATION Soc12 \p 88 \l 1033 (Smith Haslam, 2012, p. 88). Group pressures are likely to occur in different forms such as persuasion, bullying, criticism, and teasing, among others. As such conformity refers to being in agreement with a majority position that results from the desire to be liked or fit in, or due to the desire to be considered correct. This is a major issue of concern in the business environment, espe cially for marketers as it defines the causative factors for consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is highly influenced by the environment from which they operate and the group in which they can be categorized CITATION Efr16 \l 1033 (Turban, et al., 2016). As such, market segmentation is important not only in determining the particular needs of each group, but also the various patterns of group pressure among them.In most cases, individuals embrace certain forms of change to be accepted within a certain group and to fulfill the need for a belongingness. Considering the adoption of changes within the digital economy that are likely to lead to success, of the major influences of such change is compliance, where one is likely to adopt changes suggested by the group, if they believe that such changes will be of benefit to themCITATION Den13 \p 561 \l 1033 (Coon Mitterer, 2013, p. 561). Another factor that is likely to influence adoption of change is internalization, which refers to th e acceptance of group influence with increased consideration of the intrinsic reward that one ought to achieve.NomotheticThe personality of individuals is highly important in determining their behavior and decision-making approaches. As exploited by different market researchers, it is evident that there are certain traits that are particular to certain people, which categorize them under certain sets of consumers, allowing businesses to develop a better understanding of them and business strategies that are specific to their behavior. Five of the most common traits of importance include agreeableness, emotional stability extroversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousnessCITATION Gor14 \p 668 \l 1033 (Redding, 2014, p. 668). The traits of an individual are ...

Richard Bransons Profile - 1650 Words

Richard Branson's Profile and Entrepreneurial Skills (Case Study Sample) Content: PROFILE OF VIRGIN GROUPAbstractThis paper illustrates the development and growth of Virgin Group since its inception. It outlines the profile of its renowned CEO, Richard Branson, and the entrepreneurial skills that he manifested into the organization, which led to the realization of feted success across the globe. In addition, the paper analyzes the various marketing strategies that the CEO used in the process of transforming the organization from small scale enterprise to a multi-national corporation. The various organizational cultures that shape and define the activities of the enterprise are highlighted with emphasis being on the aggressiveness of the workforce. Finally, employees ways of motivation are highlighted, and the future trend of Virgin Group is also incorporated into this paper. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc340019368"
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10IntroductionVirgin Group is one of the leading organizations in UK. The company provides a dizzying range of commodities and services throughout its numerous business units. Indeed, from a small business operation to a multi-national organization that operates across the world, Branson and the executive committee have undertaken realistic and effective transformation in the companys operations. Currently, the organizatio n is involved in various operations including nightclubs, food and drinks services, record label, among others. With such immense operations, Branson has focused on planning as a core factor that necessitates smooth flow of operations across the organization (Jones, 2004). The company is undertaking strategies, either marketing or production, that will enable it to conquer the economy in the next three or four decades. Richard Bransons Profile and Entrepreneurial Skills Richard Branson is a renowned entrepreneur who initiated the operations of Virgin Group to a world class level. Born in 1950, he attended Stowe School where he incorporated a school magazine at the tender age of 16. Towards the end of 1970, Branson founded a retailer of mail order record known as Virgin. His entrepreneurial skills were manifested in every activity and operation he undertook and, two years later, he built a recording studio that was situated in Oxfordshire. With the signing of Sex Pistols, Virgin com memorated the greatest achievement that marked the start of the organizations success. He signed numerous household names to be included in the Rolling Stones, majorly from Culture Club, thereby enabling Virgin Music to be recognized as the best operating companies in the industry. Currently, the Virgin Group incorporates more than 200 companies across the globe, and its expansion has been attributed to the skills and dedication of one Richard Branson. The operations of the company include travel, mobile, tourism, health, finance, leisure, radio, broadband, TV, and Music festivals (Jaray, 2006). Kitchen and Proctor (2001) posits that the success of Virgin Group has been achieved through dedication of its CEO and the managerial team. As a non-profit making organization, the focus is to harness entrepreneurial skills on its members in an attempt to realize strategic goals. Some of these skills that were fostered by Branson include Vision and leadership in the workplace, focus and exec ution of services, persistence and passion in doing chores, technical skills, and flexibility. In the case of vision and leadership, Branson has visualized where Virgin Group would be in the next few decades. In realizing the organizations vision, Branson ensured that the vision statement is clearly communicate to the employees, as they are the pillars for the companys success (Strauss, 2010). Secondly, the CEO ensured that his team was focused and executed its services at the required timeframe. The company made sure that customers satisfaction is realized, goals are attained at the right time, and motivation of employees is undertaken by the superiors. Thirdly, the success was realized due to passion and persistence that characterized the managerial team. Being led by hardworking and reliable CEO, the staff demonstrated their passion through accomplishing their tasks and, in turn, the management rewarded them for their activities. Fourth, the technical skills portrayed by the firm ensured the overall success of the enterprise. Though not the whole managerial team is technically skilled, the management needs to have a fervent foundation on technical skills in order to make well-versed decisions. Finally, flexibility denoted the success of Virgin Group. With the changes in the economic endowment, flexibility in the operations of the management ensures that it can undertake activities in diversified economic conditions. Marketing Strategies While the diversity of Virgins group business interests have always been questioned by business analysts, Branson has maintained that the company will articulate to its core values and marketing strategies in the economy. The name Virgin was selected in order to symbolize the idea that the organization is virgin whenever it enters into any form of operation. However, before undertaking any operation in new markets, the management scanned the new environment in an attempt to ascertain the relevancy of Virgin Groups operations , and to understand whether the company will offer a different product and service to the new market. The objective of the marketing strategy is to extend the organizations brand name at a much reduced price in the areas or regions where the market is relatively static (Isik-Vanelli, 2004). Virgin Group analyzes the nature of the project, and whether it challenges the authority, it is innovative, offers monetary value, good quality, and enhances growth in the operations of the organization. Bransons strategy revolved around these four crucial elements. Virgin brand is the vital asset of the company, as it sales the image of the other chains of the organizations. Based on the companys set values and attributes, the intention is to make the company the champion for its consumers. However, this was derailed by the companys marketing skills and public relations skills; the company understanding of the various opportunities prevailing in the economy as institutionalized markets; and the organizations experience in new markets (Hoskisson, 2008). The Company perceived that institutionalized markets were dominated by small group of competitors, therefore, quality was not observed when delivering services to its customers. Using well-established marketing strategies, the company has established its industry from one form of company to another with the aim of realizing competitive advantage over its rival companies in the industry. Organizational CultureIn most of the organizations across the globe, diversity and culture have shaped the operations of the organizations, and virgin Group is no exception. The success of Virgin Group is also attributed to their modern culture of undertaking operations. Its success is being driven by peoples aggressiveness, orientation, risk taking, and innovative culture. In the case of aggressiveness culture of employees, the organization ensures that its performance is superior to the operations of other rival companies in the organizatio n and markets the brand under the name of Virgins. Aggressiveness implies the degree in which the workforce is characterized by competitiveness and aggressive nature rather than cooperating with rival companies. The aggressiveness was demonstrated by the employees of Virgin Blue, which is an airline of Australia, when it expanded its operations to New Zealand, United States and, finally, to South Africa. Its main objective was to realize its strategic goal and competitiveness in the economy. In addition, Virgin Active, one of the health club chains of Virgin Group, was rescued in South Africa after it had undergone a financial crisis, and, currently, South Africa has more than 100 health clubs (Adair, 2007). Employees orientation is another culture demonstrated by Virgin Group in its operation. By employee orientation it means the degree in which the decisions of the management are put in practice in order to effect the operation of the employees. One of the key strategies that Rich ard Branson was using was employee motivation where he emphasized on the need to have cordial relationship with the workforce in order to realize success. The management set up parties that ensured there was bonding in all levels of employees in the organization. Such events ensured that employees build cordial relationship with each other; thereby, sharing opinions that are relevant to the competitiveness of the organization (Henry, 2008). Finally, risk taking and innovative culture ensures that employees are allowed to take certain level of risks and to be creative when undertaking thei...

Improving Student Behavior With Behavior Contracts

Behavior contracts that describe appropriate replacement behavior consequences and rewards can really help students succeed, eliminate problem behavior and build a positive relationship with the students teachers. Contracts can eliminate the never-ending battle of wits that begins when a student engages the teacher and the teacher gets hooked. Contracts can focus the student and teacher on the good behavior rather than on the problems. A behavior contract can be a positive intervention to avoid the need to write a Behavior Intervention Plan. If a childs behavior merits a check in the Special Considerations section of the IEP, federal law requires that you conduct a Functional Behavioral Analysis and write a Behavior Intervention Plan.  If another intervention can prevent the behavior from getting out of control, you can avoid a lot of work as well as possibly needing to call an additional IEP team meeting. What Is a Behavior Contract? A behavior contract is an agreement between a student, their parent and the teacher. It spells out the expected behavior, the unacceptable behavior, the benefits (or rewards) for improving behavior and the consequence for failing to improve behavior. This contract should be worked out with the parent and the child and is most effective if the parent reinforces the appropriate behavior, rather than the teacher. Accountability is an important part of the success of a behavior contract. The components: Participants: Parent, Teacher, and Student. If both parents participate in the conference, more power to them! It is clearly an indication that they will support your effort. If you are in a middle school and other teachers besides the special educator will be enforcing the plan, they all need to sign off on the contract. Finally, the student should be consulted, especially about the rewards. What is a fitting reward for proving that they can improve their school behavior?The Behavior: Describing the behavior negatively (stop hitting, stop speaking out of turn, stop swearing) will focus on the behavior that you want to extinguish. You need to be sure that you are describing the replacement behavior, the behavior you want to see in its place. You want to be rewarding the student for the behavior that you want to see, rather than punishing the behavior you do not want to see. Research has proven conclusively that punishment doesnt work: it makes a behavior disappear temporarily, but th e minute the punisher leaves, the behavior will reappear. It is important that the replacement behavior serves the same function as the behavior you with to eliminate. Raising your hand doesnt replace calling out if the function of calling out is to get attention from peers. You need to find a behavior that will also provide appropriate attention.Data collection: How will you record when wanted or unwanted behavior has occurred? You may have a student self-monitoring protocol, or even a teacher checklist or teacher record sheet. Often it can be as simple as a three by five-inch note card taped to the desk, where the teacher can place a star or a check for appropriate behavior.The Reward: You need to be sure that you establish both the reward and the threshold for getting the reward. How many inappropriate behaviors are allowed and yet the student can still earn the reward? How long does the student need to exhibit the behavior before the student earns the reward? What if the student backslides? Does he or she still get to keep credit for the success that preceded it?Consequences: If the behavior you are targeting is problematic and can potentially inhibit the success not only of the student in question, but for the whole class, it needs to have consequences. The consequences also need to kick in when a certain threshold is met. In most cases, the success of exhibiting the replacement behavior, along with the praise and positive emphasis that should accompany the success, it shouldnt need to be instituted. Still, if a behavior disrupts the classroom and puts other children at risk, the consequence needs to be one that returns peace to the classroom and makes the other children safe. It may be to remove the child from the room, or move the child to the quiet corner.Signatures: Get everyones signature. Make a big deal about it, and be sure that you keep a copy of the contract handy, so you can refer to it when you want to either motivate or redirect the student. Instituting Your Contract Be sure that everything is in place before you begin the contract. How will the parents be informed and how often? Daily? Weekly? How will parents be informed of a bad day? How will you know for sure that the report has been seen? What is the consequence if the reporting form is not returned? A call to Mom? Celebrate Success! Be sure to let the student know when you are pleased when they are having success with their contract. I find that often the first few days are very successful, and it usually takes a few days before the there is any backsliding. Success feeds success. So be sure to let your student how happy you are when they do succeed.