Effects Of Public Debt On Economic Growth - 1875 Words

Most research has shown that the effects of public debt on economic growth differs across countries; depends on country-specific factors and institutions such as the level of fiscal imbalances, the level of debt sustainability, the level of financial deepening, macroeconomic stability, and political environment. In response to the financial and economic crisis of 2008/09, the accumulation of public debt and its effects on economic growth have received renewed attention among many economists and policy makers. Conventionally, a good measure of the sustainability and accumulation of a country’s debt is to consider the debt level to the overall economic output of the country measured by the Gross Domestic Product (known as the Debt-to-GDP ratio). Data released by the Bank of Ghana recently showed that Ghana’s debt stock rose to GH ¢ 97.2billion (or US$25.6billion) in December 2015, equivalent to 72.9% of GDP. Out of this, total external debt amounted to GH ¢57.8billion (43.4% of GDP) and domestic debt was GH ¢39.4billion (29.5% of GDP). Therefore, based on Ghana Statistical Service population projections as at the end of 2015, every Ghanaian citizen, including children owe about GH ¢3,512.81 in government debt compared to GH ¢872.99 as of 2011. As government runs budget deficits, mainly leading to the rise in the debt level; servicing the debt comes with severe consequences. Notwithstanding the methodology, assumptions, and approach, the growing bulk of research shows thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Public Debt On Economic Growth1893 Words   |  8 Pagesimplications of the growing government debt Most research has shown that the effects of public debt on economic growth differs across countries; depends on country-specific factors and institutions such as the level of fiscal imbalances, the level of debt sustainability, the level of financial deepening, macroeconomic stability, and political environment. In response to the financial and economic crisis in 2008/09, the accumulation of public debt and its effects on economic growth have received renewed attentionRead MoreThe Effects Of Public Debt On Economic Growth1638 Words   |  7 PagesGhana’s debt stock rose to GH ¢ 97.2billion (or US$25.6billion) in December 2015, equivalent to 72.9% of the year’s total economic output, measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Out of this, total external debt amounted to GH ¢57.8billion (43.4% of GDP) and domestic debt was GH ¢39.4billion (25.2% of GDP). That means, in nominal terms, based on population projections by the Ghana Statistical Service; for every man , woman, and child living in Ghana owe about GH ¢3,512.81 in government debt comparedRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Debt1453 Words   |  6 Pagesexception. As most countries experience significant development, there is one key issue which underlies this development but has mostly been ignored by empirical research: that is, the issue of public debt. Public debt has become relevant in the world economies because of its perceived contribution to economic development. The continuous improvement in most world economies requires investment in infrastructure, education, social welfare, health and other sectors of the economies. The huge expendituresRead MoreThe Impact Of Public Debt On The Economy798 Words   |  4 Pagessize of public debt raises significant concern to individuals, governments, investors and the whole body of international organizations as well as financial institutions at large. Especially after the financial crisis of 2008, the impact of public debt on the overall economic growth has being a subject for analysis although not much empirical work has been done. In April 2001, Ghana declared itself as heavily indebted poor country. This declaration was to enable Ghana qualify for the debt relieveRead MoreThe Social Benefits Of Economic Growth And Development1342 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Benefits of Economic Growth and Development In general, individuals in developed countries strive to improve their quality of life. All developed nations, as well as developing countries, are currently experiencing the negative impact of the global economic downturn. This has prompted all nations to make economic development a top priority (Bruyn 14). Economic development is defined as a state in which a society enjoys sustained economic growth. One effect of economic growth is an increase inRead MorePublic Debt And Political Changes Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages6.3Domestic Public Debt and Political Changes Figure 8 shows that domestic public debt has been aggravated since January revolution, as domestic public debt was 755.3 billion Egyptian pounds in 2010; and then increased to 2116.3billion Egyptian pounds in 2015. This means that domestic public debt has increased by 180% during period of revolutions. In spite the trend of domestic public debt before revolutions was positive; however, the change in domestic public debt was in average 77.2 billionRead MoreHow Do Government Deficits And Debt Affect U.s. Economic Welfare?1023 Words   |  5 Pagesis â€Å"How do government deficits and debt affect U.S. economic welfare?† The research question addressed by this article is how do deficit and debt effect interest rates? The article begins by showing the complexity of measuring these elements do to the business cycle and its effects on the variables. The author proposes the best way to measure deficit and debts effect on interest rates is to take future values for interest rates and the projected amounts of debt and deficit. This allows for the variablesRead MoreAid, Policy And Growth1601 Words   |  7 Pages Larry L. Day Aid, Policy and Growth: The Case of St. Lucia Abstract This paper takes a look at aid, policy and growth literature using data from St. Lucia, a country that received $24,000,000 US dollars in 2014. Our findings suggest that aid, in the presence of sound economic policy, does not contribute to growth in St. Lucia. However, this study does find statistical evidence to suggest that democratic governance and openness and monetary policy does impact the effectivenessRead MoreA Model Of Sustained Economic Growth1720 Words   |  7 Pages The intention is to develop a model where sustained economic growth is the product of the alternation of numerous agents and this literature will provide insights to reasons for variations in Gdp growth during the recessionary period(2008-2013) in Europe while investigating the optimising agents which had significant impact on Gdp growth rate. The Solow growth(1956) hypothesis looked for the determinants of sustainable economic development in per capita gross domestic product. The modelRead MoreEig ht Centuries Of Financial Folly By Carmen M. Reinhart And Kenneth S. Rogoff1727 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential economic analysis book around recent years.(paul letter2) In this essay, I will give a brief view of Reinhart-Rogoff’s theory and explore some criticisms of R-R’s work, and then summarizes their defences against those criticisms. The main argument of Reinhart-Rogoff is that too much debt will leads to a huge dangerous consequence. In their recent working paper â€Å"Growth in a Time of Debt†, they pointed out that once government issued debt which exceeds 90 percent of GDP, economic growth would

Women of the American Civil War South and North Essays

As most of us know the women of the Civil War were a lot different I believe than the way they show them in movies like â€Å"Gone With the Wind.† The movies portray them as helpless, useless, and lazy like all they cared about was themselves. Yes, while some of them had the luxury of having servants to take care of them, and tend to everything they could possibly need, there were some that did not have that. There were different areas of women in the war we had the Southern Confederate Women and we had the Northern Union Women. Regardless the side they were on during this war all they wanted was for their boys to win and come home safe! A â€Å"True Women’s† life before the war was to make a clean, comfortable, nurturing home for her†¦show more content†¦(History.Com). Some of these women even cared for wounded soldiers in their own homes. (History.Com). While the southern woman had less money and resources to work with than the northern woman they still tossed themselves in the war with just as much will, with the want to help as the northern woman did. (History.Com). Southern slaves were promised freedom by the Civil War, but while their husbands were off fighting they had their work plus their husbands work to tend to, working class white women were required to do the same which means that they had a very busy and hectic schedule always working. (History.Com). The Northern Union Women like Southern Confederate Women eagerly volunteered but they had more money and supplies to work with which made helping their troops a ton easier. They organized Ladies’ aid societies to supply the Union troops with any of the necessities they needed such as food, clothes and money. As far as food goes they baked, canned, and planted gardens to supply their boys with food. The clothing they would sew, do their laundry, they would knit, and mend whatever their boys needed to keep them clean and clothed to keep them safe from the elements that they are surrounded by. And as for money, they held fundraisers, campaigns, fairs, performances and this was all to help get those medical supplies and other necessities to take careShow MoreRelatedThe Home Front Effect in The American Civil War976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was unlike any other war ever fought in America and had many effects on the home front for both the North and the South. It is stated to be the first ever total war, which is a war against not only the civilians but also the armies. The Civil War is also considered the first modern war fought by the U.S. troops. Lincoln asked volunteers to sign up for only three months. Many people thought the war wouldn’t last long. However, the war continued on for four years. The Union armies hadRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1521 Words   |  7 Pages101 19 April 2017 Civil War The American Civil War, that took place from 1861 to 1865, marked one of the most important changes in American history, it was fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America. A total of even southern states that left the Union to form their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery. The Civil War transformed the country’s economy, politics, women, African Americans, along with major breakthroughs in technology. The war increased northernRead MoreSantosh N. Williams. Dr. Washington. 28 March 2017. . The784 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War The American Civil War was a war against the North and the South during the 1860’s. The Southern removed themselves from the Union. The U.S didn’t allow states to be removed from the Union. The North also wanted to get rid of Slavery but the South wanted African American slaves to help them and work for them. The War started when the army in the South attacked a military base in South Carolina. The American Civil War was the first war that killed thousands of Americans in historyRead MoreWomen in Civil War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWomen, Slaves, and Free Blacks in the Civil War What roles did the Northern women play in the war effort on the Union side during the Civil War? What roles did the Southern women play in the war effort on the Confederate side during the Civil War? How did the war affect each group? â€Å"There were just shy of 400 documented cases of women who served as soldiers during the Civil War, according to the records of the Sanitary Commission.† (Brown, 2012) Women during the 19th century, according toRead MoreThe Influence Of Influence On Women s Life During The Civil War1498 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Influences in Women’s Lives During the Civil War When we think of the Civil War, many think of the sacrifices and influences of the men during this time. Women of the Civil War however, were also active participants of making history (Fahs). The Civil War was the first account in history where women had an active role throughout a war. It was their first opportunity to make a difference in our country’s history. Their lives before the war were that of being proper while working to maintainRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Devastating Time For The United States Of America883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was a devastating time for the United States of America. During this time the United States was divided. The Civil War was a four year long battle. It is known as one of the bloodiest battles ever fought. Consequently it was fought between people of the same country. We were divided between the North and the South. The cause of the Civil War was slavery. The North was against it and wanted slavery abolished. On the other hand the South did not want to part with slavery. Both the NorthRead MoreMajor Causes And Consequences Of The American Civil War1443 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 2015 1). Historical Causation (Cause and Effect): CE Explain the major causes and consequences of the American Civil War. In general, the American Civil War is thought to have started mostly because of a discrepancy on how to handle slavery. The difference in opinion is most likely a result of political, economic, and religious tension within the country. Before a civil war was even thought about, southern leaders spoke of freeing their slaves and many predicted the demise of slavery dueRead MoreEssay about The Revolutionary War1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe Revolutionary War The Revolutionary War started on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. America was very much unprepared with no central government or army. The congress stepped up as the government and began to organize an army. The Revolutionary War did not end until September 3, 1783 with the signing of the final peace treaty between America and Great Britain. The victory in the Revolution War led to the birth of a new independent nation. After the Revolution it was a timeRead MoreLetter Of The Letter By Harriet Tubman1620 Words   |  7 Pagesfinally made it to the North. It was recorded that â€Å"during a ten-year span she made 19 trips into the South escorting over 300 slaves to freedom† earning the name â€Å"Moses† with her claim to Frederick Douglass that she â€Å"never lost a passenger† (PBS). During the Civil War, she came back from Canada and served as a â€Å"nurse, a liaison between the Union army and the many refugees from slavery, a spy, and a military strategist for the Union coastal invasions into Georgia and South Carolina† (TWE 307). Read MoreSlavery And The American Civil War1125 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery and Civil War Throughout history, it has been commonly misconceived that slavery and the abolishment of slavery has been the sole cause of the American Civil War. Whereas the institution of slavery has been a major cause of the war, the differences in ideologies and beliefs between the North and the South also play a role in the origins of the Civil War. The origins of the Civil War can also be attributed to the political, economical, social, and cultural differences between the North and South

Titration of Calcium HydroxideG Free Essays

We did this by titrating Hydrochloric Acid into 10 com of Calcium Hydroxide. As we titrated HCI into the Calcium Hydroxide solution, the phenolphthalein’s pink shade given to the Calcium Hydroxide slowly became clearer until the complete lack of pink color in the solution of base and acid. My value of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Titration of Calcium HydroxideG or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58 g/mol was close to the accepted value of . 59 g/mol with only a 0. 6 + 0. 007% error, which is almost identical to the theoretical value. Because of such a small percentage error, one can attribute the error to random error, and not systematic because of its small value. Limitation/weakness How much did it affect my result Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. Because of the fact that this is a titration experiment, the stirring and conglomeration of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide needed to be constant in order for the reaction and correct mount of hydrochloric acid was used to neutralize the basic aspect of calcium hydroxide. Because of the inconsistent stirring, there must have been a small amount of error attributed to this limitation, though it may not look as much. Possibility: The Calcium Hydroxide solid that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data. A second limitation/weakness that may have caused our error is because of the fact that we may not have been careful enough with the filtration of the saturated Calcium Hydroxide. Because the filters themselves may not have been perfect experiment might have taken a wrong turn with solid Calcium Hydroxide within the solution as well, needing a smidgen more Hydrochloric Acid to neutralize it. Evaluation of quality of the result: Although there is limitations to our measuring, since we were only able to measure to 2 decimals as a volume, this experiment is still a valid way to figure out the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide with Just the amount and concentration of Hydrochloric Acid, and can be used by other scientists who would theoretically have no idea about how to go about the method of determining the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide. Limitation or weakness Improvement 1 . Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. To lower this error and improve this limitation, we could have the same person stir the solution/titration constantly, with more precision and concentration over this mixture, as to get the correct amount of HCI needed to neutralize the solution without any disagreements over what neutralized means or not. With two people concentrated over specific tasks, the uncertainty would also become much smaller as well due to less error attributed to our mistakes. 2. Possibility: The Calcium Hydroxide old that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data. One of the biggest improvements we could make is that we could, this time around, not add such a large amount of Calcium Hydroxide powder into water blindly, as had been done before, so that we would be able to have more saturated water to work with, as opposed to what we had to work with at that moment when the experiment was done. By doing that, we would be able to reduce uncertainty that may have come along with the solid Calcium Hydroxide mixed in with the saturated solution. How to cite Titration of Calcium HydroxideG, Papers

Care Priorities in Obese Patient

Question: Discuss about the Care Priorities in Obese Patient. Answer: Introduction Clinical reasoning is an important element of providing quality nursing care to the patients. Clinical reasoning involves critical thinking through evidence based study and help the patients to display better outcomes. Clinical reasoning is the core of primary healthcare in Australia, which helps in identifying the complex care needs of patients by obtaining their medical and social history. The purpose of this essay is to identify the complex care priorities of the patient in the given case study. Case study present the information about the 48 years old Michael Anderson. He is suffering from morbid obesity and many chronic conditions associated with morbid obesity, such as obesity ventilation syndrome, sleep apnoea, diabetes and also Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. He clinical comorbities are associated with his heavy weight. Obesity is a serious medical condition that impacts the daily life activities, metal condition and mobility of the patients. Therefore, paper will discuss t he health assessment details of the patient to identify care needs followed by two care priorities and nursing intervention to improve patients outcomes. Assessment and Care Needs Miacheal was presented to the medical ward with the problems of shakiness, diaphoresis, increased hunger, high BGL levels and finding it difficult to breathe when he sleeps. Respiratory problem and difficulty in breathing are commonly associated with obesity. Obesity reduces the sleep and results in problem of breathing while sleeping. Sleep apnea does not have specific or limited treatment, but requires multidisciplinaryapproach and integrated strategy to reduce other symptoms and disease as well (Romero-Corral et al, 2010). Sleeping and breathing problem is also associated with hypertension (Fredheim, 2014). According to the given case study, Michael also suffers from hypertension. Therefore, all the conditions and factors in his case are related to each other. He has poorly controlled diabetes and he is dependent on insulin. He also has poorly controlled diet. On earlier admission to medical ward, he was instructed to reduce high energy diet and start taking high protein dirt. However, Michael found it difficult and his hunger has also been increased. Abnormal eating behavior is common in obese people, which increases the risk of further weight gain (Pinto-Bastos et al, 2016). Clinical reasoning allows understanding the condition of patients and associate physical condition with mental problems (Levett-Jones et al, 2010). Increased hunger in obesity patients is called as emotional eating. Emotional and mental regulation is very significant in morbid obesity patients (Silva, 2015). According to the social history obtained from the patient. His social condition is highly responsible for his emotion and mental problems (depression and hypertension). According to the study of Silva, I. (2015) obesity increases the risk of depression, anxiety and other emotional disorders. Obesity and mental problems are associated with stigma. He lives also because he is divorced and his children live away from him. He lost his job three years ago, which reduced social interactions and after being insulin dependent, his weight started increasing. Social isolation is associated with weight stigma, as Michael feels uncomfortable about his weight and avoids going out of his home. The multifaceted etiology of obesity involves many biological, environmental and behavioral factors. It is very important to consider various associated factors and prepare a collaborative care plan. The complex care priorities identified in the case of Michael Anderson are controlling eating disordered behavior for reducing weight and reducing weight stigma to promote social inclusion. These two complex care priorities are identified in the basis of appropriate clinical reasoning. The first complex care priority for Michael is addressing the issue of weight gain and eating disorder. Obesity is the problem that poses a great barrier in the healthy life and quality of life for patients. Clinical reasoning cycle helped to identiufy the priority need of the patient. Michael wants to lose weight and his strengths can be used to design evidence based interventions for him (Levett-Jones et al, 2010). Michael is the patient of morbid obesity, which means his problem of reduced ability to complete activities of daily life (ADLs). Obesity is associated with diabetes, respiratory problems and physical functioning. It is important to encourage physical activities in patients lifestyle. Though, Michael was asked to continue light exercise, but he was not able to adhere to given recommendations of diet and physical exercise. Therefore, patient will be associated with the class of life style intervention for obesity patients (Kernen, 2011). Factors affecting the lifestyle of patient are lack of motivation and support. Michael will be asked to attend the physical activity classes three to four times in a week. Physical activities will help him to strengthen his muscles and limbs, and he will be able to manage ADLs in a better way (Baillot et al, 2015). Patient will also be encouraged to self-monitor his physical improvements. Self-monitoring will develop confidence, and promote personal well-being in patients. Patient will be encouraged to start low calorie diet. Though, patient is not able to adhere to diet, so he will be supported by the community based programs. According to the study of Habib, Samam, Galvani, (2013) states that diet regimes includes two significant factors. First is the calorie restriction and second is modified composition of diet. Community based program and educational session will provide information and knowledge about consequences of morbid obesity. These sessions will also help Michael to understand important to controlled diet and how diet can be controlled through various regulation strategies. Comprehensive education is an important intervention that helps in providing nutritional education (Nijamkin et al, 2012). Such education effectively helps patient in reducing weight. Medically supervised weight management programs and educational sessions will encourage physical activities, changed eating patter, controlling emotional eating and improving physical fun ctioning (Habib, Samam, Galvani, 2013). Weight stigma is a very significant problem. Morbid obesity is a serious concern that significantly affects the quality of life of the patients. Michael is also suffering from weight stigma, due to which he is not able to find job and have become socially isolated. He feels uncomfortable about his size. Social biases and discrimination often results in emotional and mental problems. The patients become highly stigmatized of facing various forms of prejudices in the society (Puhl Heuer, 2009). The goal of the care plan is to improve the quality of life for the patient. Stigma is also associated with depression and low self-esteem. In order to enhance the self-esteem and confidence in patient, nurse will focus on developing partnership with patient. Partnering with consumers is an effective way of applying patient centered care. Empathetic and therapeutic relationship with patient will help him to come out of his stigma and participate in social activities (Phelan et al, 2015). One of the most significant approaches to address the issue of social stigma and social isolation, nurse will refer the patient to the session of Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This therapy helps in promoting mental health and relieving depression, social and emotional ravages. The mental effects of CBT also help to alter the eating patterns that help in reducing weight. CBT is very beneficial in altering the negative thoughts irrational thinking and emotional illness (Alimoradi et al, 2016). The main focus of this therapy is on the thoughts and feelings of the patient, as it is believed that psychological problems are associated with physical problems. This therapy can help in altering the poor belief of stigma associated with boy image, which can lead to social isolation and bad eating habits (Alimoradi et al, 2016). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is also beneficial for the obese patients. Obese patient often feel disrespected, unwelcomed and inadequate that negative affects their life and their willingness to seek care. For improving patient condition and reducing stigma behavioral changes can also be initiated. Behavioral change strategies will encourage self-monitoring, problem solving and adopting healthy lifestyle (Gjevestad, 2015). Reducing depression and encouraging social inclusion will require patient to participate in social activities. Social contacts will also be identified. Michaels friends and family members will be included in care plan and will be asked to visit him frequently. Social support will reduce stigma and isolation. Support of family and peers will help patient to have a sense of belongingness, support and relationships. Social connectedness is very significant for every individual, because humans are the social beings and requires working and living within the society. Isolation can worsen the condition of the patient and increase the risk of mortality and reduced life expectancy. The community based programs will allow him to make social contact and social interactions. He will be able to meet other people like him and will not feel inadequate or unwelcome. Clinical reasoning cycle helped to identify the most significant problems of the patient. Through this it become easy to identify the symptoms of loss of social contact, lack of family support and peers. Conclusion Paper presents the case study of Michael Anderson, who is a 48 years old man and he is suffering from morbid obesity. Morbid obesity is a serious condition, which states that person suffers from obesity as well as many other chronic conditions occurred due to obesity. Paper is based on using the Levett-Jones clinical reasoning cycle. Clinical reasoning allowed to understand the various factors associated with poor health condition of patient. Poor health is not just associated with physical condition, but it is also associated with social and psychological factors. The two complex care priorities identified for Michael Anderson are initiating weight loss activities and reducing social isolation. Care plan is designed according to priority needs of the patient that can promote overall physical, mental and emotional health in patient. References Alimoradi, M., Abdolahi, M., Aryan, L., Vazirijavid, R., Ajami, M. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Adult Obesity.International Journal of Medical Reviews,3(1), 371-379. Baillot, A., Romain, A. J., Boisvert-Vigneault, K., Audet, M., Baillargeon, J. P., Dionne, I. J., ... Langlois, M. F. (2015). Effects of lifestyle interventions that include a physical activity component in class II and III obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One,10(4), e0119017. Fredheim, J. M. (2014). Obstructive sleep apnea in severely obese subjects. Diagnosis, association with glucose intolerance and the effect of surgical and non-surgical weight loss. Gjevestad, E. (2015). Comparative effects of lifestyle intervention, low calorie diet and bariatric surgery on weight loss and arterial stiffness. Non-randomized clinical trials including treatment seeking morbidly obese patients. Habib, S., Samam, J., Galvani, C. A. (2013). Treatment of Morbid Obesity.Surgery Curr Res,3(135), 2161-1076. Kernen, A. M. (2011).Lifestyle interventions in treatment of obese adults(Doctoral dissertation, OULU UNIVERSITY). Koski, M., Naukkarinen, H. (2017). Severe obesity, emotions and eating habits: a case-control study.BMC obesity,4(1), 2. Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients.Nurse education today,30(6), 515-520. Nijamkin, M. P., Campa, A., Sosa, J., Baum, M., Himburg, S., Johnson, P. (2012). Comprehensive nutrition and lifestyle education improves weight loss and physical activity in Hispanic Americans following gastric bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,112(3), 382-390. Phelan, S. M., Burgess, D. J., Yeazel, M. W., Hellerstedt, W. L., Griffin, J. M., Ryn, M. (2015). Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity. obesity reviews, 16(4), 319-326. Pinto-Bastos, A., Ramalho, S. M., Conceio, E., Mitchell, J. (2016). Disordered Eating and Obesity. InObesity(pp. 309-319). Springer International Publishing. Puhl, R. M., Heuer, C. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: a review and update.Obesity,17(5), 941-964. Romero-Corral, A., Caples, S. M., Lopez-Jimenez, F., Somers, V. K. (2010). Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for treatment.CHEST Journal,137(3), 711-719. Silva, I. (2015). Importance of emotional regulation in obesity and weight loss treatment.Fractal: Revista de Psicologia,27(3), 286-290.

TOPIC Essays - Science And Technology In India, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

TOPIC A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM A. P. J. Abdul Kalam HIS HISTORY Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to aTamil Muslimfamily in the pilgrimage centre ofRameswaramonPamban Island, then in theMadras Presidencyand now in theStateof Tamil Nadu. His father owned a ferry that tookHindupilgrims back and forth betweenRameswaramand the now uninhabitedDhanushkodi In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematicsAfter completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attendSaint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with theUniversity of Madras, from where he graduated inphysicsin 1954He moved toMadrasin 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology Career as a scientist After graduating from theMadras Institute of Technologyin 1960, Kalam joined theAeronautical Development Establishmentof theDefence Researchand Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist. He started his career by designing a smallhovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO In 196364, he visitedNASA'sLangley Research CenterinHampton, Virginia;Goddard Space Flight CenterinGreenbelt, Maryland; andWallops Flight Facility. Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop thePolar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful. In 1998, along with cardiologistSoma Raju, Kalam developed a low costcoronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent". In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet". Presidency Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeedingK. R. Narayanan. He won the2002 presidential electionwith an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won byLakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. Writings In his bookIndia 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and adeveloped nationby the year 2020. He regarded his work on India'snuclear weaponsprogramme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower. Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he askedPramukh Swami, the guru of theBAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realize this five-pronged vision of development. Pramukh Swami's answerto add a sixth area developing faith in God and spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and corruptionbecame the spiritual vision for the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book,Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji,published just a month before his death. Awards and honours Kalam receivedhonorary doctoratesfrom 40 universities.The Government of India honoured him with thePadma Bhushanin 1981 and thePadma Vibhushanin 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government. The Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi released the commemorative postal stamps on the former President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, on his 84th birth anniversary celebrations, at DRDO Bhawan, in New Delhi on October 15, 2015. Death On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled toShillongto deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at theIndian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest.At around 6:35p.m.IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed.He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life.Despite being placed in theintensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a suddencardiac arrestat 7:45 p.mST.His last words, to his aideSrijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?" POWER POINT PRESENTATION SUBMITTED BY: BHAWNA CLASS:9th A ROLL NO. 5

Investigation of effective Bluetooth security features The WritePass Journal

Investigation of effective Bluetooth security features Introduction Investigation of effective Bluetooth security features IntroductionSteps in Authentication ProcessConfidentialityTrust levels, Service levels, and AuthorizationsReferencesRelated Introduction Bluetooth signals can be easily intercepted, as can any other type of wireless signals. Therefore, the Bluetooth specification calls for the built-in security to discourage eavesdropping and attempts to falsify the origin of messages, which is called â€Å"spoofing†. This section provides an overview of the security mechanisms included in the Bluetooth specifications to illustrate their limitations and provide a foundation for some of the security recommendations. In this example, Bluetooth security is provided between the mobile phone and the laptop computer. IEEE 802.11 security protects the wireless local area network link which is between the laptop computer and the IEEE 802.11 AP. The communications on the wired network are not protected by the Bluetooth security. 1. Three Basic Security Services The three basic security services specified in the Bluetooth standard are authentication, confidentiality and authorization. Authentication     ­Prevents spoofing and unwanted access to critical data and functions. It is the process of verifying the identity of the communication devices. User authentication is not provided natively by Bluetooth. The Bluetooth device authentication procedure is in the front of a challenge-response scheme. The device attempting to prove its identity in an authentication process is the claimant and the device validating the identity of the claimant is the verifier. The challenge-response protocol validates devices by verifying the knowledge of a secret key, which is the Bluetooth link key. Steps in Authentication Process   Step 1: The verifier transmits a 128-bit random challenge (AU_RAND) to the claimant, which is obtained from the random number generator derived from a pseudo-random process within the Bluetooth device. Step 2: The claimant uses the E1 algorithm to compute an authentication response using its unique 48-bit Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR), the link key, and AU_RAND as inputs. The verifier does the same computation. Step 3: The claimant returns the most significant 32 bits of the E1 output as the computed response, SRES to the verifier. Step 4: The verifier uses a comparator to compare the SRES from the claimant and its own computed value from the E1 algorithm. Step 5: If both the values are the equal, the authentication is considered successful. If not, the authentication has failed. The 5 steps accomplishes one-way authentication. The Bluetooth standards allow both one-way and mutual authentication to be performed. For mutual authentication, the steps are repeated with the verifier and claimant switching roles. Confidentiality Preventing information compromise caused by ensuring that only authorised devices can access and view data. To provide confidentiality to the user’s data, encryption technique is used by the Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth has three Encryption Modes. The modes are as follows: Encryption Mode 1: No encryption is performed on any traffic. Encryption Mode 2: Individually addressed traffic is encrypted using encryption keys based on individual link keys. Broadcast traffic is not encrypted. Encryption Mode 3: All traffic is encrypted using an encryption key based on the master link key. The encryption key is produced using an internal key generator (KG). The KG produces stream cipher keys based on 128-bit link key, 128 bit EN_RAND and 96-bit ACO value which is the least significant bits from the E1 algorithm of authentication process. A key stream output is exclusive-OR-ed with the payload bits and sent to the receiving device. This stream key is produced using a cryptographic algorithm based on linear feedback shift registers (LFSR). The clock provides the slot number. The encryption function E0 output is exclusive-OR-ed with the sender data and transmitted. The received data is exclusive-OR-ed with the keystream and original data is retrieved. Trust levels, Service levels, and Authorizations The Bluetooth levels of trust are Trusted device: fixed relationship with another device and has full access to all services. Untrusted device: does not have an established relationship and hence restricted access to services. The security services defined for Bluetooth devices are Service level 1: requires authorization and authentication. Automatic access is granted to trusted device; untrusted devices need manual authorization. Service level 2:   requires authentication only; authorization is not necessary. Access to an application is granted only after an authentication procedure. Service level 3:   open to all devices, with no authentication required. Access is granted automatically. 2. Security Modes The various versions of Bluetooth specifications define four security modes. Each Bluetooth device must operate in one of the four modes. Security Mode 1: a non secure mode. Authentication and encryption are bypassed leaving the device and connections susceptible to attackers. This mode is only supported in v2.0 + EDR devices. Security mode 2: a service level-enforced security mode. The security procedures are initiated after LMP link establishment but before L2CAP channel establishment. The authentication and encryption mechanisms in this mode are implemented at the LMP layer. All Bluetooth devices support this security mode 2. Security Mode 3: link level-enforces security mode. The Bluetooth device initiates the security procedures before the physical link is fully established. This mode mandates authentication and encryption for all connections to and from the devics. This mode is supported only in v2.0 + EDR devices. Security Mode 4: a service level-enforced security mode like the security mode 2. But the security procedures are initiated after link setup. Authentication and encryption algorithms are identical to the algorithms in Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR and earlier versions. This is mandatory for v2.1 + EDR devices. Appendix D- Online Resources References Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Bluetooth 2.0 and 2.1 specifications, bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Technology/Building/Specifications/ Bluetooth Special Interest Group, â€Å"Bluetooth Security White Paper†, May 2002, bluetooth.com/NR/rdonlyres/E870794C-2788-49BF-96D3- C9578E0AE21D/0/security_whitepaper_v1.pdf Bluetooth Special Interest Group, â€Å"Simple Pairing Whitepaper†, August 2006, http://bluetooth.com/NR/rdonlyres/0A0B3F36-D15F-4470-85A6- F2CCFA26F70F/0/SimplePairing_WP_V10r00.pdf Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), â€Å"DoD Bluetooth Headset Security Requirements Matrix†, Version 2.0, 07 April 2008, http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/checklist/dod_bluetooth_headset_security_requirements_matrix_v2- 0_7april2008.pdf Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), â€Å"DoD Bluetooth Smart Card Reader Security Requirements Matrix†, Version 2.0, 01 June 2007, http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/checklist/DoD-Bluetooth- Smart-Card-Reader-Security-Requirements-Matrix.pdf Y. Lu, W. Meier, and S. Vaudenay, â€Å"The Conditional Correlation Attack: A Practical Attack on Bluetooth Encryption†, http://lasecwww.epfl.ch/pub/lasec/doc/LMV05.pdf

What would be the effects of banning the use of plastic bags Essay

What would be the effects of banning the use of plastic bags - Essay Example However, because many plastic bags are discarded causally, plastic bags also bring us side effects. Take China as an example, In China, it is an interesting and â€Å"colorful landscapes† to see several of plastic bags flying in the sky when the strong wind passes. Not only in China also the many places we can see the plastic bags are discarded in street, lake and ocean. This is due to some people throwaway plastic bags casually. What is the important, this cause the â€Å"white pollution† to environment, which is harmful to human because plastic bags cannot vanish by natural decomposition. At this stage, the main processing methods are incineration and  landfill. Nevertheless, the burning will produce toxic fumes, a lot of air pollution and acid rain. As for landfill, it is buried 100 years and still intact. It cannot be naturally absorbed and has a great harm on the land. Although the plastic bags are ubiquitous and convenient, in contemporary society the â€Å"whi te pollution† is becoming a more and more serious environment issue. Some people say that government should ban the use of the plastic but some people argue that it is unnecessary to ban it. Without the authorized conclusion now, this tough issue should continue to be analyzed to determine how excessive use and careless disposal of plastic bags affects society. Jerry Jonson discusses the myriad environmental issues that result from poor plastic disposal technique such as the fact that it fills numerous landfills and when it is disposed by incineration, adds volumes of toxins in the air (Jonson). Plastic bags portend a serious environmental threat in the long term and if they are not controlled they will continue to endanger the environment and by extension society. In his discussion of Lynn offers several facts about, he offers numerous statistics about plastic that bring out the enormity of the situation. Apparently, over 50 percent of the plastic used in the US is simply thrown away to contribute

Personnel management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personnel management - Essay Example The main significance of diversity in any organization is that the employees can face many adversities and contingencies on a continuous basis. In a workplace where there is diversity, one can see that the employees have more empowerment and official rights. The main objective of an organization in attracting different employees is to enhance the team workability and talent pool. Moreover, the human resource department of an organization has more selection in recruiting employees if the workforce of the organization is supposed to be diverse and versatile. The workforce of an organization can be diverse in relation to many factors: gender, race, nationality, disability and education. Moreover, the organizations can reap more advantages and disadvantages from the employees if work diversity exists in a workplace. Practically, if we consider defining the concept of workplace diversity, it can be referred to as the inclusion of variety of people in an organization to receive full potentiality out of them. According to Edwards (2012), â€Å"When the workplace is diverse, it shows that your establishment is a true equal opportunity business that hires people with different backgrounds and races, instead of segregating, or discriminating against a certain individual†. The diversity in a workforce has a highlight of extracting potentiality from various human resources available throughout the world. This includes various types of people with different instincts who can contribute to the success and profitability of an organization. In America, the workforce diversity can be reflected in the employer’s option of hiring people aged from 25 to 64 in an attempt to get maximum potentiality and experience from the country’s manpower. In the same manner, it has been recently noticed that the recruitment of Hispanic/Latino employees has

Newspaper Portrayals of Boris Johnson in the British Newspapers Literature review

Newspaper Portrayals of Boris Johnson in the British Newspapers - Literature review Example Naturally, the arms of government are defined as the legislative, judiciary and executive. Each of these has a constitutional role that they play in the democratic practice of government. To this end, it is these three arms of government that are officially accepted for all or any former duties (Angel, 2012). But as times went by in the practice of freedom of expression and freedom of the press through the provisions of democratic governance, the media was one area that was seen to have taken so much advantage of the provision, making its impact felt in almost every aspect of British life. It was for this reason that the media its self and the public started referring to the media as the fourth arm of government, necessary for undertaking the role of correcting and directing the society; especially government. Research has showed that one of the best and most favorable conditions that make it possible for the British media to have such influential role in British society is because m edia practice has been clearly diversified in Britain (Gunter, 2000). What this means is that in almost every aspect of social practice, there is a line of media practice that caters for that aspect. For example in it will be noted that Britain is a socio-cultural community with the people following social passions such as religion, sports, politics, economics, tourism, show business, education, and the likes. For each of these areas also, there will be a kind of media outlet that clearly distinct itself in providing the needed information that followers of the said passion seek after (Williams and Carpini, 2000). There is another school of thought that states that the role of media in British society could be grouped into three major key functions and these are to entertain, educate and inform society (Berger, 1991). What this means is that the media in Britain is responsible to offering entertainment to the society through the combination of a number of society paradigms including show business and sports. The media is also expected to educate the society by providing authentic and unadulterated facts that correspond to current and historic issues. Finally, the media informs the public by bringing them up to date with what takes place in Britain as a country and the international world. 1.2 Media and politics In Britain, the media and politics are both considered as independent and interrelated. As far as independence is concerned, it can be said that both the media and politics are considered as two agencies that have extremely different roles to play in society (Dimmick, 1974). Each of these can also play its role without necessarily needing support or help from the other. Between the two agencies, this phenomenon of independence of the media and politics has generally been in place as a means of ensuring fairness in the delivery of their duties. Studies have actually showed that when the media does its work in a manner that it needs no support and assista nce from any political personality or political party, it is possible that the media can go about its tasks more fairly and devoid of any political favouritism and biases that may be seen in various reportage as a form of payback for any good done to the media by the political agency (Dennis, 2000). In the same way, when politicians go about their roles in a manner that clearly shows that they do not need any assistance from the media to survive, it is possible for

The Role Of Saudi Women In Leadership

The Role Of Saudi Women In Leadership Saudi Arabia is a desert country that runs over 8,000 square miles. There are big cities, like Riyadh, Makah, Medina, Dhahran and Jeddah; residents in these areas enjoy the amenities of well-planned modern metropolitan cities. Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, headed by the Al Saud royal family, with a council of ministers. Saudi Arabias strong root in religious and tribal history has made it what it has become today. By the 1970s Saudi Arabia had become dominant in the realm of international finance and a significant political power in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia occupies the larger part of the Arabian Peninsula and is the worlds leading oil producer and exporter. The kingdom is the center of the major places of importance for Muslims from all over the world. Plight of Saudi women There are very few (if any) well known women leaders in Saudi Arabia; this is as a result of the vast gender discrimination against the girl child. There are laws that are restrictive to women and hinder them from getting leadership roles. This study aims to explore the discriminative judicial and government systems in the country towards women. It will also describe the leadership roles of women in the Saudi society. The various aspects of leadership and gender discrimination against Saudi women will be discussed. Women are more than the men in the population of Saudi Arabia; its therefore very ironical that they had not been allowed to work. It is in the last ten years that women have been accepted as part of the working community. This demonstrates the lack of working sectors open to Saudi women. In fact transport sector discriminates women, in that a woman would not travel unaccompanied by a male companion. The society still looks down upon employed women. Â   Jobs available for Saudi women are very limited and are mostly in education, health, and administration. Women can work and attain jobs in any setting as long as there is no exposure to men. Because of this cultural and religious rule, women need to have their own independent social and educational organizations. Society allows women to fill top administrative positions in womens colleges in order to manage the college effectively. Despite these achievements education for Saudi women is still regarded secondary to taking care of the household and family. For a long time, womens education was subject to negotiation with religious and social traditions. Women in Saudi Arabia were officially allowed to get formal education about forty years ago while the men started way before the women. Consequently, there are very few jobs available for well-qualified women in Saudi Arabia. The women in Saudi Arabia are now more than ever in pursuit in order to empower themselves through education in readiness of leadership positions that may come their way . Position of women in the society There are many different aspects that one encounters while trying to understand and explore the Saudi Arabian culture. The role and status of the women is key in understanding the position of a woman in this culture. In Saudi Arabia, women do not have much to do outside their homes. Girls, from an early age, obtain a domestic role that befits them. For a young girl in Saudi Arabia, becoming a mother is the norm and is the biggest goal in life. She is raised to believe that she should aim to be a good mother and that it is her responsibility to devote her time to her husband and children. However, this is gradually changing; the government now supports education of the girl child. Womens rights groups in Saudi Arabia are not functional for instance, women are still not allowed to drive or ride on motor vehicles with strangers, and one should either be accompanied by a close relative, an employee or the employer (Helen, 2007). This law denies women a vital right; freedom of independent movement (Colin, 2005). A Saudi woman cannot be admitted into any hospital without the consent of a male family member. Despite all these, women are finding other means of maneuvering through these restrictive rules in order to pursue business this is through the intensive use of the internet (Anders, 1998). Legal, social and religious controls combine to limit a womans freedom of movement in the country. From the government perspective, this is aimed at protecting the women, but most women perceive the law as a way of accelerating and empowering the men and their dominance in the society, (Helen, 2007). Women of the Middle East have long been viewed as an oppressed group. From the desert sands of Saudi Arabia to the mountainous lands of Afghanistan, Arab women have faced many hardships in their society. While the role of a woman is meant to be nurturing and domestic, many women have moved on to a more modern view, and have taken on the role as educators and laborers. Arab women threaten the traditional family structure by doing so; however, for many it is a sacrifice they are willing to make, as they have seen that the world has more to offer than just household chores and childbearing. Rights of women in the past, today and the future The Saudi system is set up in a form known as the Sunni-Islam state version, which is a conservative form of government; this version is characterized by incorporating the interpretation of the Muslim faith and using it to formulate law. The Islamic law is interpreted in such a way that it enhances gender inequality; the women are subjected to strict and tight legal regulations on their personal behavior while the men are exempted from the rules (Colin, 2005). There is no equality for women despite Article 8 of the Saudi law which states that, Government in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is based on the premise of justice, consultation, and equality in accordance with the shariah law (Sameena, 2005). However, the individual interpretations favor men rather than women resulting in a hierarchy system that also privileges notables and good connections over ordinary citizens and outsiders. This system in itself creates a biased and self-centered form of society associated with misinterpreta tion of religious scripture. Foreigners are treated differently depending on the country of origin and the race, too (Kathleen, 1991). Women cannot act as lawyers, and for women to access justice she hires a male lawyer wand she is forced to offer up most of her confidential information regarding financial and family matters to the lawyer and the judges. A single mans testimony in the court is the same as for two women (Sameena, 2005). In most cases, the women rely on their husbands and this denies the women personal justice and the ability to access power and leadership positions since one cannot experience power without justice. There are vast cases of gender discrimination in the employment sector in Saudi Arabia, this is attributed to the fact that most of the people are religious and have interpreted Islamic teachings in a particular way (Anders, 1998). For women, access to employment activities is very limited, with minimal enjoyment of the full benefits of citizenship or adulthood. Gender discrimination against women has exacerbated reformers to proactively advocate for democracy and empowerment of women in the country. The international community is also working in close collaboration with the reformers to help in the administration of justice and the equality of gender in Saudi Arabia (Sameena, 2005). Consequently, Saudi Arabia has made some progress in womens education and employment. Saudi women and the education sector Education is a central aspect of family and community life. There is a close link between home and school and they further correlate with the way the structure and community is shaped. The education of Arab women started long ago, dating back almost 1500 years, when the wife of Prophet Muhammad, Khadija, owned her own caravan and was her own employer; a successful one at that. However, after the Prophets death, the status of women slowly began to decline, and by the early 1900s, Arab womens status had been dwindled down to that of oppression and non-education. Because of this, several feminist women movements arose in the 1930s and 1940s, the most famous one led by Huda Sharawi in Egypt (Ahmed, 1992). Even though these feminist movements helped encourage Arab women to get back on the rise in society, only a handful were able to achieve that, as many countries such as Saudi Arabia were still not into empowering women. Womens education in Saudi Arabia started informally with the Kuttab schools that taught the fundamentals of Islam and the basics of writing, reading, and arithmetic. By 1945, King Abdul Aziz, the countrys founder, had initiated an extensive program to establish schools in the Kingdom. Six years later, in 1951, the country had 226 schools with 29,887 students (Collins, 2005). In 1954, the Ministry of Education was established headed by then Prince Fahd as the first Minister of Education. The first ever university in Saudi Arabia was opened in Riyadh in early 1957. In 1943, the first private girls school was established in Makkah by a group of people in the private sector who wanted to teach their daughters basic reading, writing and mathematics (Al Salloom, 1989). When public elementary education for girls began in 1960, there were only 15 school buildings, with a total of 127 classrooms and 518 female students. Public education at the intermediate and secondary levels for girls followed in 1963 with four school buildings for the intermediate level, and one for the secondary level (Al Salloom, 1989). As Saudi families started to realize that educating their daughters posed no threat to family life and in the traditional role of women in society, the attitude towards females education changed. Female students enrolled at all educational levels and more schools were opened. From 1970 to 1990 the number of female students enrolled in higher education expanded from 400 students to 48,000 (Kathleen, 1991). With the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment, a high number of teachers and school principals were female. Today, Saudi Arabias nationwide educational system comprises many universities and colleges, including thousands of primary and secondary schools. Open to every citizen, the system provides students with free education, books and health services. To complement their studies in universities in the Kingdom, Saudi students have the opportunity to pursue graduate and post-graduate degrees in specialized fields abroad. Supported by the government scholarships, thousands of Saudi students are enrolled in universities outside the Kingdom, mainly in the United States. The beginning of womens higher education was similar in Saudi Arabia and the United States, in that both countries, at one point, denied women access to higher education and women were considered as comparative newcomers to equity of opportunity in education. This brings light to addressing another issue involving higher education and the Saudi woman: women dont have the right to make decisions and set policies concerning their higher education. To some extent, they may manage and organize their day-to-day departments, operations and resources but all major decisions affecting them-such as hiring, planning and evaluating are still made by men. What makes this problem more complicated is the lack of communication, face to face between men who are high in administered hierarchy and women who occupy lower administrative levels. For the graduate female students, there are minimal chances for them to advance in the job markets and this hinders the women from rising up into a leadership position in the education sector. There are a few women who have been lucky to get leadership positions in the education .These women play an important role, they champion for more women to be incorporated into leadership positions, however, their sentiments are always ignored (Helen, 2007).The nature of female leadership roles in Saudi Arabia cannot be compared to other countries, these women are segregated and marginalized and thus they are denied educational leadership roles (Anders, 1998). Cultural factors influencing Saudi women The shaping of societies in general is dependent on cultural and traditional factors, as well as economic and political systems. In Saudi Arabia, society culture and traditions play a major role. Culture predominantly influences womens roles in Muslim society, because of the emphasis placed on womens status and acceptable behavior as outlined in the Quran. Ahmed (1992) believes that no matter what form the political system takes, no matter what level of education women attain, no matter what traditional values govern employment, Saudi women would not play major leadership roles in modern day economics because cultural factors have impeded their development. There are a number of factors that have impacted the Saudi womens status and their position in society. The economy, the importance of the family unit, the educational opportunities available, the degree of encouragement women encounter in their pursuit of education and work, and the degree of urbanization attained are all importa nt factors that shape a society and mold many of its beliefs and values (Pinter, 1984). Saudi Arabias culture and traditions are different from the United States and are used as a basis of comparison for two reasons: first, Saudi Arabia and the United States are young wealthy countries that continue to progress (Al-Dawood, 1995); and second, to see if Saudi Arabian secondary school teachers levels of job satisfaction are different from that of secondary school teachers in the United States. Limited information on Saudi female teachers job satisfaction and principal leadership behavior in Saudi Arabia is available, thus it is necessary to also look at research conducted about male teachers. Beck Keddie (1978) indicated that men have reported a higher degree of job satisfaction than women, but more recently differences have diminished, due in part to more equal opportunities for the employment and advancement of women. A Study carried out in Qatar (a country that borders Saudi Arabia) reveals that there is no significant difference in the levels of job satisfaction between men and women (Moshaikeh, 1981). Al-Salom (1996) reports that a similar study was carried out in the United States and also found no significant difference in the level of job satisfaction between male and female teachers. The Quran advocates for stable family life, at no point does it state that women are not equal to men and that they should not mix freely in their places of work (Al-Sallom, 1989).This is not usually the case and people still misinterpret religion and use the Quran as a basis for isolating women. The differences between women in the Middle East and the ones in the western countries like United States may are due to cultural factors. Despite growing acceptance of womens education in Saudi Arabia, education for women still faces conservative attitudes from many Saudi citizens. Such conservative thinking focuses on women building the traditional roles of wives and mothers and may cause fear that education may weaken these roles. These conservative attitudes towards womens education are not related to the influences of Islam, but may be part of the traditions of the Saudi Society (Christopher, 1993). In addition, women receive fewer formal courses in school administration and in-service training than men (Abdel, 1997). Women administrators receive inadequate training; as a result, female school principals are less qualified in leadership behaviors and supervision than their male counterparts are. Teachers should have a chance to use what they have learned in education courses. They also should be involved in the planning and decision-making process regarding curriculum, time use, classroom instructions, method of instructions, resource allocation, and procedures for students evaluation. Including them as active participants would be an excellent first step in enhancing their job satisfaction. Power of women in the past, today and the future Economic empowerment of women One of the major factors that have shaped the Saudi Society is the economic situation. However, Kathleen, (1991) disagrees with the notion that a modern capitalist economy and its extension to almost all areas have resulted in many positive changes for women in Saudi Arabia. She argues that pre-capitalist urban occupations were already open to Saudi women of all classes, from midwifery and entertainment to holders of important real estate. Economic changes of the modern period did not improve or raise the levels of womens participation in public life. In the Saudi culture, serious life begins with marriage, which can be for many, an escape from family pressures and economic difficulty. Because males are seen as the protectors and supporters of women and are, therefore, considered indispensable, families pull all their resources together (material and emotional) to ensure that their young daughters marry appropriately. Women of Saudi nationality are not allowed to access benefits from the government. In the case where a Saudi woman marries a non-Saudi, she then cannot pass the nationality to her children. Consequently, in 2002, women had no right to obtain the national identity card without the order from the mahram, but they appeared as nationals from the state records that included her as a member of a particular family only (Kathleen, 1991). When this was the norm, widowed and single women had a hard time gaining leadership of their families and also in obtaining other benefits of their own and from the state subsidies (Cordesman, 2003). Saudi women do not have the right to the sign contracts or to control financial assets and in this instance, women are made to lick the boots of the males. As a result, women are denied the economic leadership and mainly depend on their husbands for economical support. The women cannot be integrated in the development processes and this greatly impacts them due to their reduced influence in policy making and changes in legislation (Colin, 2005). In a way, the Saudi law ensures gender equity to men and women related to each other. Consider for example, the case where the daughters retain half as much inheritance as the sons and when such women get married then they under the care of their husbands (Colin, 2005) .Women retain property after marriage and in this case, the husbands have the right to protect the woman and hence the women have no obligation to spend their acquired wealth on the mens behalf. The married men have the full responsibility for their family needs. And in case a woman conducts herself in an immoral manner, the man of closest relation is punished on her behalf (Helen, 2007). The role of women in Saudi Arabia is becoming more significant in both political and economic terms as more and more women hold positions of leadership and civic prominence. The educational levels of the women who have made significant contributions on leadership hold positions as founders of organizations and range in their education: from holding bachelors, masters, and doctorate degrees. Some of these women hold voluntary positions and others hold paid positions that entail career commitments. The Saudi Arabia government has given higher education, there are new educational policies put in place. The government established the Ministry of Higher Education in 1975 whose long term vision is to provide highly trained manpower necessary to run the countrys increasingly sophisticated economy. The primary objective of this ministry is to establish new institutions of higher learning throughout the country. The Kingdom has given priority to quantity and quality expansion of education in the last five to seven-years among other development plans. Despite the low percentage of Saudi women working in the labor force in the Kingdom compared to advanced countries, it is the unavailability of working sectors open for Saudi women usually limited to education and medicine which has caused some saturation in these sectors. The Saudi government is planning to undertake a study of the role of women in the countrys economy (Al-Mohamed, (2007). There are policies set by the government in order to support women who want to work. The main aim of these policies is to lower t unemployment rate among women in Saudi Arabian women. In line with this objective, the government and private organizations provide counseling services to women in stressful environments of employment. The Saudi government plan is beyond employment and aims to empower women with entrepreneurial and investing. Saudi Arabia might h ave to revise some policies that a restrict women from participating in the economy of the country. Women and political leadership The participation of women in the public domain, including the political arena, is very limited in Saudi Arabia. Unlike other women in the western world, Saudi women have no social or political rights. They still have to obtain consent of male counterparts in order to fulfill basic things, like obtaining a passport and travel. The hierarchical system of the Saudi government does not allow for democratic voting. Saudi Arabian political leaders are, therefore, hiding behind false religious pretexts by withholding many rights from women. It is a violation of their religious beliefs and practices. Other Islamic countries, such as Egypt, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain, allow women to vote and still maintain their traditional and religious practices. The country does not contain any political parties, thus the absence of elections. Women are becoming more active in reform but their efforts are marginalized. The extent of reform is determined by the ruling family (Cordesman, 2003). Al-Mohamed (2007) attributes the lack of a political role for Saudi women to educational decisions; he goes on and gives an example where women do not major in Political Science in their higher learning. For example, Princess Dr. al-Jawaharlal bint Fahd al-Saud was undersecretary of education for womens colleges for 10 years before becoming president of Riyadh University for Women in April 2007, yet she had no power to make decisions even though she had the power (Al-Mohamed, 2007). The country lacks the basic freedoms for even the civil society to take part in the leadership. It is very hard to start new organizations and even more so the women groups, due to their co-option by the government. I would recommend the existence of political parties in the country with free elections since this would foster democratic growth in the country (Anders, 1998). The media should be free to express their ideas and women rights agencies should be supported to help in the equality of gender, promote the growth of the economy and the active participation of women in the exercising of political power (Kathleen, 1991). Role of religion in empowering women To better understand a Saudi womans position, one must learn a great deal about the culture and religion. One should also understand Islam, its history and culture. In a Muslim community, the people are to follow Gods commands and live a moral life. Saudi women who are working and serve society should be careful to follow an Islamic way of life. In the modern society, wearing a hijab, which may cover a womans head or her whole body, remains part of Muslim culture in Saudi Arabia and also worldwide. Most Muslim women dress modestly and in Muslim countries even the most successful business women will cover themselves with the hijab. Many of the women welcome this practice as they feel it prevents them from being bothered by co-workers or strangers. Some modern Muslims in non-Muslims cultures, however, choose not to cover to attract less attention rather than deal with discouragement about it. Whichever the case, the wearing of a hijab should be intended to please God and should not be done in a mandatory or pressurized manner (Cordesman, 2003). Before Islam, women in the Arab world had no rights to own any property, inherit, divorce, or even choose their marriage partner; the father was usually the one to decide or a male relative. With the advent of Islam, women were given the aforementioned rights and their status changed to that of a dignified human being, deserving of respect and honor. The Islamic view about women is that men and women are equal in their origin and their rights. According to the history of Islam, women have political rights, can participate in public affairs, run a business, choose their husbands and even inherit properly. In regard of womens education, a woman in Islam is not required to contribute financially to the family, which may explain why some Saudis consider education to be worthwhile and necessary for males and less for women. The Quran, which is the source of Islamic jurisprudence, contains no verse that deprives woman the right to be educated In fact, the word Quran is derived from the wor d reading and the first verse of the Quran calls on the devoted to read and write. There are no barriers to women acquiring knowledge in the Islamic faith as long as there is no mixing between the two genders. Most people that profess the Muslim faith do not believe that that men and women are equal in matters of religion (Kathleen, 1991). The role of women in the family and upbringing of children play a major part consequently, the women are allowed to worship at home as the men and the boys worship at the mosque. Despite the active role of women in religion, Saudi women are denied access to any management roles and leadership positions in the countrys religious institutions (Kathleen, 1991). There are still some conservative people who do not want to embrace The New World Order, where women work and are independent, religion is still the excuse of this people. There is as an ideological conflict between culture and religion, Islam allows women the right to education and work. As a result Arab women continue to seek education and work, societys expectations hover over them, giving them more strength to those who oppose empowering women. Conclusion The purpose of this study was to examine the family and societal factors that affect Saudi women in their pursuit of leadership positions in a Muslim society, such as that found in Saudi Arabia. Another area of interest was the impact of Islam on the Saudi women and their pursuit of leadership roles in public life. It is true that the law and the male dominated society and does not provide a good environment for leadership positions of women. The women now more than ever are willing to take the risk and empower themselves, sooner than later women from these part of the world will catch up with other countries that have overcome gender discrimination. Studies show that Saudi women are getting more attention due to the current interest in multiculturalism and global awareness. There are many women in Saudi Arabia who have attained leadership roles on a smaller scale, such as in remote villages and rural areas. The number of Saudi women who have leadership positions may not be large in comparison to the number of women with leadership positions in Western nations or even in neighboring countries but it is a great step considering the position of Arab women and their role and treatment under Islamic culture. Women who have leadership roles in Arab societies are an important resource for information that can help bridge the gap between preconceived notions about the Arab world and the reality of the conditions encountered by women in that part of the world. For instance , in America there are great women who have revolutionized leadership like Hillary Clinton, Condoleezza Rice while in Germany Angela Merkel is the Chancellor. In the M iddle East the most common figure was Benazir Bhutto of Pakistan who was a potential political leader but was assassinated. These women in leadership ar role models to other women all over the world and soon the Arab world is going to embrace women leadership. However, the level of leadership and the participation of women in various positions in Saudi are faced with mainly two interrelated issues. First, the effects of the constitutional rights on women and secondly, is the status of women and their position in reference to Islamic laws. Reform is urgently needed in both educational and employment sectors to provide greater equality for women. Previous trends of females in educational development indicate an ever expanding access of education by women to where they may outnumber men. However, gender segregation and inferiorities in curriculum differentiation is still experienced. There should be more awareness campaigns for women to be informed on the importance of pursuing education to a higher level and diversification of courses to be studied. The diversification of the countrys economy and the expansion of the services in the various sectors may result in the liberalization of the scope of occupation and enroll women in leadership roles. This change would be due to the shortage of labor and the increased participation of women in the education facilities and curriculums. This would help move women up in public visibility and allow them to participate in the decision making of the country.

A Reading of ?Those Winter Sundays? Essays -- essays research papers

A Reading of â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† In Robert Hayden’s poem â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† a relationship between the speaker and the speaker’s father is expressed in short but descriptive detail, revealing a kind of love that had gone unnoticed for so long. Throughout the poem, Hayden’s use of connotative diction keeps the poem short and sweet yet packed with significant meaning. The evocative sound patterns play just as great a role setting the harsh and reflective tone of the poem. Together, these devices are used to effectively deliver the poem. The speaker seems now to be a grown man, though it is not distinguished in the poem, remembering the distant relationship he had with his father as an adolescent. He would wake every morning to the warmth of a fire despite the biting cold which lay beyond the house windows and doors. The speaker took for granted the heat that he was provided, not acknowledging the effort that went into giving this simple expression of love. Now looking back, he seems to regret not being thankful for his father’s actions and being so blind and ignorant to the love that was right in front of him. From the very first words of the poem, the connotative diction gives the reader an idea of the direction in which the poem in going. â€Å"Sundays too my father got up early† (line 1), where the poem begins, expresses the fathers hard-working nature. The fact that he gets out of bed every day of the work-week and Sundays too, shows that his job as a father and provider...

Celebrities and Role Model

1. â€Å"Celebrities have a tremendous influence on the young, and for that reason, they have a responsibility to act as role models. † I agree with the opinion that the celebrities have a responsibility to act as role models. Celebrities have a special talent that most average people can not do; they are athletes, actors, actresses, and singers. They have seen and heard by millions through television, movies, radio, and the internet. And they may be inspiring to the young who dream of singing, or acting, celebrities have the spotlight on them because of their high status. In addition, they are not treated like normal people because they have money, fame, and glory. Their popularity is worldwide, and there are millions of children look up to them. Role models can affect children life in so many ways. The young are following the celebrities not only their dress, but also the behaviors and attitude. For example, the children will want to try the smoking and drinking if the celebrities are always appearance themselves as smoker or drunker. On the other hand, if the celebrities are doing things for the environment, politician, and making the changes for the better will effect and enhance the children to have brighter mind and well-manner. Charles Barkley, a former star on the Phoenix Suns, once said, â€Å"I am not a role model. Just because I dunk a basketball doesn't mean I should raise your kids. † Even through, celebrities have a tremendous influence on the young, I also believe that it is the parents’ responsibility to discuss the celebrities’ culture and keep the communication open with children.

Free Essays on Oldsmobile Three Hundred Million Dollar Flop

Oldsmobile’s Three Hundred Million Dollar Flop â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† In 1988, Oldsmobile launched a massive advertising campaign to attract a younger generation of buyers. â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† was going to bring the Oldsmobile name into the mainstream of pop-culture. Every cool hipster from southern California to upstate Maine would be driving a new Oldsmobile. Unfortunately for Oldsmobile, their campaign hit a major fork in the road. The campaign â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† was a complete failure, for it did not attract a younger customer base, and it failed to retain the customers it already had. As it turns out it is your father’s Oldsmobile after all. The first reason Oldsmobile’s ad campaign failed was because it alienated half of its customer base, fathers. Oldsmobile’s sales report from 1985 states that the median age for its buyers was sixty-two. The large majority of men over the age of sixty-two are fathers. In fact, being a father had a big part in men purchasing an Oldsmobile. Oldsmobile’s traditionally are big cars, with large bench seats that can hold up to seven passengers. They have a smooth ride that will cruise over the deepest of potholes without even a shimmer. Imagine one-day dad is driving along interstate five listening to the radio, and he hears the jingle â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile†. What message are they trying to send to dad? That Oldsmobile’s are too cool for dad and he needs to trade his in and buy a Buick. Well, that’s precisely what fathers did. In 1985, Oldsmobile sold more than a million cars, by 1990; their sales were under half a milli on. In 2000, Oldsmobile sold fewer than 300,000 vehicles, and the large majority of the cars bought were company fleet vehicles (O’Connell). The sales report is proof positive that â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† failed to retain the majority of its ma... Free Essays on Oldsmobile Three Hundred Million Dollar Flop Free Essays on Oldsmobile Three Hundred Million Dollar Flop Oldsmobile’s Three Hundred Million Dollar Flop â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† In 1988, Oldsmobile launched a massive advertising campaign to attract a younger generation of buyers. â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† was going to bring the Oldsmobile name into the mainstream of pop-culture. Every cool hipster from southern California to upstate Maine would be driving a new Oldsmobile. Unfortunately for Oldsmobile, their campaign hit a major fork in the road. The campaign â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† was a complete failure, for it did not attract a younger customer base, and it failed to retain the customers it already had. As it turns out it is your father’s Oldsmobile after all. The first reason Oldsmobile’s ad campaign failed was because it alienated half of its customer base, fathers. Oldsmobile’s sales report from 1985 states that the median age for its buyers was sixty-two. The large majority of men over the age of sixty-two are fathers. In fact, being a father had a big part in men purchasing an Oldsmobile. Oldsmobile’s traditionally are big cars, with large bench seats that can hold up to seven passengers. They have a smooth ride that will cruise over the deepest of potholes without even a shimmer. Imagine one-day dad is driving along interstate five listening to the radio, and he hears the jingle â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile†. What message are they trying to send to dad? That Oldsmobile’s are too cool for dad and he needs to trade his in and buy a Buick. Well, that’s precisely what fathers did. In 1985, Oldsmobile sold more than a million cars, by 1990; their sales were under half a milli on. In 2000, Oldsmobile sold fewer than 300,000 vehicles, and the large majority of the cars bought were company fleet vehicles (O’Connell). The sales report is proof positive that â€Å"This is not your father’s Oldsmobile† failed to retain the majority of its ma...

Chaucer and Boccaccio †English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)

Chaucer and Boccaccio – English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Chaucer and Boccaccio English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) Although apparently influenced by Boccaccio, the tales and the Prologue show how deeply Chaucer differs from the Italian writer. In Boccaccio, for in ¬stance, the storytellers are young gentlemen and ladies all belonging to the same social class and hardly distinct from each other. Chaucer, on the other hand, chooses highly individualized pilgrims from widely differing classes. Boc ¬caccio was not analytical in his mode of writing and focused his attention pri ¬marily on manners. Chaucer was more precise and attempted the psychologi ¬cal study of single characters within a very detailed description of the middle class of his time. But arguably Chaucer’s greatest stroke of genius, (absent in Boccaccio) was to make himself a member of the group, and pretend to go on the pilgrimage. By becoming a character in his own narrative, he became an even more credible eyewitness. Research Papers on Chaucer and Boccaccio - English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)Honest Iagos Truth through DeceptionStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtResearch Process Part OneQuebec and CanadaThe Fifth HorsemanThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

Darwinism and His Theory of Evolution Coursework

Darwinism and His Theory of Evolution - Coursework Example With the appearance of the Theory of Evolution, the lacuna, which was previously filled with a belief in the Creator, could be filled with scientific explanations. The widely debatable Theory of Evolution swayed the minds of many scientists, who began to apply it to all branches of knowledge up to history (Marx) and psychology (Freud). More than one and a half century has passed after the Theory of Evolution publication date and all this time the debate over it was evolving, adapting, changing, but did not stop for a day even. As any science, Darwin’s Theory has far more questions than answers. The same situation is with the modern theories. The current Synthetic Theory of Evolution, combining achievements of genetics and classical Darwinism, was established 80 years ago. It’s now evident for all evolutionary biologists that it is outdated and many facts do not find any explanation in it. Scientists talk about the need for a new synthesis, which would unite the achievement of present-day paleontology, embryology, animal psychology and other fields of biology, which were not considered fully by the modern evolutionary theory. But even if the third synthesis occurs (Darwin’s theory is the first synthesis, as the historians of biology state), it will not, obviously, solve all the problems. But it will certainly put some new questions - such is the specificity of science. Overview of the Issue. Pros and Cons Scientists can debate certain statements and facts of the Theory of Natural Select ion, but they have to admit that it, as a whole, is logically simple, clear and is confirmed by so many facts, testable in experiments, that can not simply be erroneous.  Most biologists understand it.  Another thing is that life is a very complex phenomenon and the Theory of Evolution gives only a very simplified presentation.  This paves the way for further development of the theory in terms of constructive criticism.  The essence of the Darwinian concept of evolution is reduced to a number of statements, recognized by most scientists: Within each species of living organisms there is a huge range of individual genetic variations in morphological, physiological, behavioral and any other character.  This variability can have a continuous, quantitative or intermittent qualitative nature, but it exists always. All living organisms propagate their kind in a geometric progression. Resources for all types of living organisms are limited and, therefore, the struggle for existenc e must appear between individuals of one species or between individuals of different species or between species and natural conditions.   In the struggle for existence only the fittest individuals survive; individuals with abnormalities that happened to be adaptive to certain environmental conditions.  This is a fundamentally important point in the arguments of Darwin.  Deviations appear not as environmental variations, but happen by chance.  Few of them become useful under specific conditions.  Descendants of such survivors inherit useful deviations, which allowed their ancestors to survive, and are more adapted to the environment than the other members of population. Survival and reproduction of the fittest individuals was called â€Å"natural selection.† Natural selection of separate isolated species in different conditions of existence gradually leads to a divergence of characteristics of these species and, ultimately, to speciation. On these postulates, once ag ain, perfect in terms of logic and supported by a huge number of facts, the modern Theory of Evolution has been established. Each of these theories is an explanation that has been confirmed to such a degree, by observation and experiment, that knowledgeable experts accept it as fact (Quammen, NG).

The role of the female characters. How do they represent the feminist Essay

The role of the female characters. How do they represent the feminist issues that may have been occurring around the time work was written. please include Everyday Use, by Alice Walker - Essay Example It is the commitment by women to achieving equality in the society. There are various type of feminism namely; motherhood, medicine, legal rights, child abuse, working women, and conservative feminism (Walters 21). In this essay therefore I will look at the role of the female charactors and how they represent the feminist issues that may have been occurring around the time work was written. Women characters of the time Walker wrote this piece of work are portrayed to be had working and enthusiastic. After the demise of Mama`s husband and left her to take care of the family on her own, we find her perform different tasks like, during the day she puts on overall to signify the extent at which she works. She is described to be ‘big boned woman with rough, man working hands’. She performs various tasks such as killing and cleaning a hog, breaking ice to get water, milking animals among other duties. This brings the feminist issue of motherhood and of gender equality as the women of this time also played the roles that were perceived to be for the men (Hoffman 31) Women are portrayed as people who are had working and are of high ideals. This is seen in the character traits of Mama who does every thing possible to bring up her two little children despite being the only sole bread winner. She is also seen as a woman of high integrity and stature in the society. She wake up in the morning and puts on her overall ready to start her daily chores. These bring out the them of feminism and how constructive a woman can be in the society. It also implies that women just like men deserve equal rights and treatment. Walker also bring two contrasting lives lived by the two daughters of Mama. Dee is said to live a good lifestyle of the American culture which she acquired following her disappearance after the fire tragedy that burnt their house. On the other hand, Maggie’s life is portrayed to be miserable and is full of tribulations, at first

Total reward approach to compensation and timeline Research Paper

Total reward approach to compensation and timeline - Research Paper Example Further, compensating the employees’ efforts remains a basic and foundational concept in employees’ retention and motivation. To ensure a comprehensive and fool proof operation of these types of compensations that are besides the salaries, most companies have established systems that recognize what is to be rewarded and how the process is supposed to take place (Kowalewski, College, & Phillips, 2012). These programs are called total rewards programs and are meant to direct the organization on how the employees are to be rewarded to ensure efficient motivation and maximum retention of the employees. The rewards program encompasses all things and activities that the employer regards as motivating from the employees point of view and which are valuable to the general and specific welfare of the employees. Although they include both monetary and non-monetary commodities, the financial and related rewards are the most notable and the foundation of rewards system in an organization settings. Most companies recognize four categories of rewards (Burris, 2012). There are the membership and seniority-based rewards, work status-based, competency-based and performance based rewards. The established system dictates what type of reward is to apply in each employee’s case and how these rewards are to be executed. This paper is aimed at designing a total rewards system based on Coca-Cola Company’s system. By exploring in details the total rewards system of the company, this paper will provide an insight on the basic contained in a specific system. To arrive at this design, the paper will first look into the company and its main objectives, missions and vision and an analysis of the reward system. It is from this analysis that the design will be developed. The Coca-Cola Company is undoubtedly the world largest manufacturer of beverages and soft drinks. It has been ranked the world’s number one brand on several occasions. Since 1889,

The Four Major Trends for Mainframe Replacement Essay Example for Free

The Four Major Trends for Mainframe Replacement Essay As software trends change with the time so will the technologies that they run off of and the platforms they use to operate on. One of those technologies is mainframes and the cost to operate these in the traditional sense comes at a very high cost. The solution is to migrate to a Linux/Unix solution; this can potentially drop total cost of ownership by 77%. Since money is the driving factor in nearly all business decisions it is not hard to see the benefit of migrating to the open source solutions. One of the many advantages to Linux/Unix running on the mainframe is that organizations can significantly reduce the time-to-market of new IT solutions and services through application modernization projects and, in particular, through application migration projects (Pedgen, 2010). Being able to update on the fly is a huge advantage to companies that rely on the data network to successfully operate there day to day operations, this is due in large part to it minimizing down time. Linux/Unix can come in a variety of iterations so it is important to fully inspect the needs and goals of the company when making the decision on which to use. Many companies find solace in the fact that the cost to of ownership is low but they need to take in to account the lack of support that comes with such open source solutions but the fact is that most companies will benefit financially even after implementation. Retail is a good example of how Linux can be used on many different levels throughout an organization. The different levels associated can be anything from warehouse logistics to in store daily operations like inventory. Also having the ability to cusotmize programs for each level of the organization creates a more efficient flow of operations by exploited redundancies in typical off the shelf softwares that are available. Linux Tools Support iOS 4.2.1 The growing cell phone world has been dominated for the last few years by Apple’s iPhone and more so in the market of unlocking those phones to be used on other carriers or just to customize the device beyond Apple and ATT’s manufacturers guidelines. Traditionally consumers would use applications like Pwnage, Yellowsn0w and more recently Blacksn0w to infiltrate these devices. ibimobiledevice provides mechanisms that allow Linux programs to communicate with iPhones, iPod Touchs and iPads via USB without the need to jailbreak the Apple device (h-online.com, 2010). There are many benefits to this, one of which is offering synchronization between many different applications instead of being restricted to just iTunes. When you don’t have to use iTunes you don’t have to activate the phone thus you can jailbreak it and do what you will. Applications like this speak to the flexibility of Linux by making itself useful on nearly every medium of technology available today. Linux can offer backdoor access to many different systems to allow for customization or just backing up important data for storage or migration purposes. Who Builds Linux? These Days, More and More Mobile Devs The increase of Linux in the world of mobile devs is a growing trend due to its flexibility and also its lack of compatibility with large name tech companies like Google and Microsoft. Linux does become very useful in the development of mobile applications as well as mobile OS’s, some of the companies that support and make use of Linux are Nokia and Qualcomm. As Linux continues to grow in the mobile world there will be a shift in the iterations of Linux to support more mobile platforms. When large tech companies don’t take the compatibility issue with Linux as high priority it hurts the platform and drives devs to use a more limited set of tools and thus causes a decrease in use amongst those people. The exception to this increase in Linux by use of mobile devs is the continued support of software developers like Oracle and IBM. A lot of the support of this open source software depends on large companies like the aforementioned to build upon its kernal and continue to drive innovation within the software to keep it relevant. References http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Linux-tools-support-iOS-4-2-1-1143629.html http://mashable.com/2010/11/30/who-builds-linux/