Effects Of Public Debt On Economic Growth - 1875 Words

Most research has shown that the effects of public debt on economic growth differs across countries; depends on country-specific factors and institutions such as the level of fiscal imbalances, the level of debt sustainability, the level of financial deepening, macroeconomic stability, and political environment. In response to the financial and economic crisis of 2008/09, the accumulation of public debt and its effects on economic growth have received renewed attention among many economists and policy makers. Conventionally, a good measure of the sustainability and accumulation of a country’s debt is to consider the debt level to the overall economic output of the country measured by the Gross Domestic Product (known as the Debt-to-GDP ratio). Data released by the Bank of Ghana recently showed that Ghana’s debt stock rose to GH ¢ 97.2billion (or US$25.6billion) in December 2015, equivalent to 72.9% of GDP. Out of this, total external debt amounted to GH ¢57.8billion (43.4% of GDP) and domestic debt was GH ¢39.4billion (29.5% of GDP). Therefore, based on Ghana Statistical Service population projections as at the end of 2015, every Ghanaian citizen, including children owe about GH ¢3,512.81 in government debt compared to GH ¢872.99 as of 2011. As government runs budget deficits, mainly leading to the rise in the debt level; servicing the debt comes with severe consequences. Notwithstanding the methodology, assumptions, and approach, the growing bulk of research shows thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Public Debt On Economic Growth1893 Words   |  8 Pagesimplications of the growing government debt Most research has shown that the effects of public debt on economic growth differs across countries; depends on country-specific factors and institutions such as the level of fiscal imbalances, the level of debt sustainability, the level of financial deepening, macroeconomic stability, and political environment. In response to the financial and economic crisis in 2008/09, the accumulation of public debt and its effects on economic growth have received renewed attentionRead MoreThe Effects Of Public Debt On Economic Growth1638 Words   |  7 PagesGhana’s debt stock rose to GH ¢ 97.2billion (or US$25.6billion) in December 2015, equivalent to 72.9% of the year’s total economic output, measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Out of this, total external debt amounted to GH ¢57.8billion (43.4% of GDP) and domestic debt was GH ¢39.4billion (25.2% of GDP). That means, in nominal terms, based on population projections by the Ghana Statistical Service; for every man , woman, and child living in Ghana owe about GH ¢3,512.81 in government debt comparedRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Debt1453 Words   |  6 Pagesexception. As most countries experience significant development, there is one key issue which underlies this development but has mostly been ignored by empirical research: that is, the issue of public debt. Public debt has become relevant in the world economies because of its perceived contribution to economic development. The continuous improvement in most world economies requires investment in infrastructure, education, social welfare, health and other sectors of the economies. The huge expendituresRead MoreThe Impact Of Public Debt On The Economy798 Words   |  4 Pagessize of public debt raises significant concern to individuals, governments, investors and the whole body of international organizations as well as financial institutions at large. Especially after the financial crisis of 2008, the impact of public debt on the overall economic growth has being a subject for analysis although not much empirical work has been done. In April 2001, Ghana declared itself as heavily indebted poor country. This declaration was to enable Ghana qualify for the debt relieveRead MoreThe Social Benefits Of Economic Growth And Development1342 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Benefits of Economic Growth and Development In general, individuals in developed countries strive to improve their quality of life. All developed nations, as well as developing countries, are currently experiencing the negative impact of the global economic downturn. This has prompted all nations to make economic development a top priority (Bruyn 14). Economic development is defined as a state in which a society enjoys sustained economic growth. One effect of economic growth is an increase inRead MorePublic Debt And Political Changes Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages6.3Domestic Public Debt and Political Changes Figure 8 shows that domestic public debt has been aggravated since January revolution, as domestic public debt was 755.3 billion Egyptian pounds in 2010; and then increased to 2116.3billion Egyptian pounds in 2015. This means that domestic public debt has increased by 180% during period of revolutions. In spite the trend of domestic public debt before revolutions was positive; however, the change in domestic public debt was in average 77.2 billionRead MoreHow Do Government Deficits And Debt Affect U.s. Economic Welfare?1023 Words   |  5 Pagesis â€Å"How do government deficits and debt affect U.S. economic welfare?† The research question addressed by this article is how do deficit and debt effect interest rates? The article begins by showing the complexity of measuring these elements do to the business cycle and its effects on the variables. The author proposes the best way to measure deficit and debts effect on interest rates is to take future values for interest rates and the projected amounts of debt and deficit. This allows for the variablesRead MoreAid, Policy And Growth1601 Words   |  7 Pages Larry L. Day Aid, Policy and Growth: The Case of St. Lucia Abstract This paper takes a look at aid, policy and growth literature using data from St. Lucia, a country that received $24,000,000 US dollars in 2014. Our findings suggest that aid, in the presence of sound economic policy, does not contribute to growth in St. Lucia. However, this study does find statistical evidence to suggest that democratic governance and openness and monetary policy does impact the effectivenessRead MoreA Model Of Sustained Economic Growth1720 Words   |  7 Pages The intention is to develop a model where sustained economic growth is the product of the alternation of numerous agents and this literature will provide insights to reasons for variations in Gdp growth during the recessionary period(2008-2013) in Europe while investigating the optimising agents which had significant impact on Gdp growth rate. The Solow growth(1956) hypothesis looked for the determinants of sustainable economic development in per capita gross domestic product. The modelRead MoreEig ht Centuries Of Financial Folly By Carmen M. Reinhart And Kenneth S. Rogoff1727 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential economic analysis book around recent years.(paul letter2) In this essay, I will give a brief view of Reinhart-Rogoff’s theory and explore some criticisms of R-R’s work, and then summarizes their defences against those criticisms. The main argument of Reinhart-Rogoff is that too much debt will leads to a huge dangerous consequence. In their recent working paper â€Å"Growth in a Time of Debt†, they pointed out that once government issued debt which exceeds 90 percent of GDP, economic growth would

Women of the American Civil War South and North Essays

As most of us know the women of the Civil War were a lot different I believe than the way they show them in movies like â€Å"Gone With the Wind.† The movies portray them as helpless, useless, and lazy like all they cared about was themselves. Yes, while some of them had the luxury of having servants to take care of them, and tend to everything they could possibly need, there were some that did not have that. There were different areas of women in the war we had the Southern Confederate Women and we had the Northern Union Women. Regardless the side they were on during this war all they wanted was for their boys to win and come home safe! A â€Å"True Women’s† life before the war was to make a clean, comfortable, nurturing home for her†¦show more content†¦(History.Com). Some of these women even cared for wounded soldiers in their own homes. (History.Com). While the southern woman had less money and resources to work with than the northern woman they still tossed themselves in the war with just as much will, with the want to help as the northern woman did. (History.Com). Southern slaves were promised freedom by the Civil War, but while their husbands were off fighting they had their work plus their husbands work to tend to, working class white women were required to do the same which means that they had a very busy and hectic schedule always working. (History.Com). The Northern Union Women like Southern Confederate Women eagerly volunteered but they had more money and supplies to work with which made helping their troops a ton easier. They organized Ladies’ aid societies to supply the Union troops with any of the necessities they needed such as food, clothes and money. As far as food goes they baked, canned, and planted gardens to supply their boys with food. The clothing they would sew, do their laundry, they would knit, and mend whatever their boys needed to keep them clean and clothed to keep them safe from the elements that they are surrounded by. And as for money, they held fundraisers, campaigns, fairs, performances and this was all to help get those medical supplies and other necessities to take careShow MoreRelatedThe Home Front Effect in The American Civil War976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was unlike any other war ever fought in America and had many effects on the home front for both the North and the South. It is stated to be the first ever total war, which is a war against not only the civilians but also the armies. The Civil War is also considered the first modern war fought by the U.S. troops. Lincoln asked volunteers to sign up for only three months. Many people thought the war wouldn’t last long. However, the war continued on for four years. The Union armies hadRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1521 Words   |  7 Pages101 19 April 2017 Civil War The American Civil War, that took place from 1861 to 1865, marked one of the most important changes in American history, it was fought between the Union and the Confederate States of America. A total of even southern states that left the Union to form their own country in order to protect the institution of slavery. The Civil War transformed the country’s economy, politics, women, African Americans, along with major breakthroughs in technology. The war increased northernRead MoreSantosh N. Williams. Dr. Washington. 28 March 2017. . The784 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War The American Civil War was a war against the North and the South during the 1860’s. The Southern removed themselves from the Union. The U.S didn’t allow states to be removed from the Union. The North also wanted to get rid of Slavery but the South wanted African American slaves to help them and work for them. The War started when the army in the South attacked a military base in South Carolina. The American Civil War was the first war that killed thousands of Americans in historyRead MoreWomen in Civil War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWomen, Slaves, and Free Blacks in the Civil War What roles did the Northern women play in the war effort on the Union side during the Civil War? What roles did the Southern women play in the war effort on the Confederate side during the Civil War? How did the war affect each group? â€Å"There were just shy of 400 documented cases of women who served as soldiers during the Civil War, according to the records of the Sanitary Commission.† (Brown, 2012) Women during the 19th century, according toRead MoreThe Influence Of Influence On Women s Life During The Civil War1498 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Influences in Women’s Lives During the Civil War When we think of the Civil War, many think of the sacrifices and influences of the men during this time. Women of the Civil War however, were also active participants of making history (Fahs). The Civil War was the first account in history where women had an active role throughout a war. It was their first opportunity to make a difference in our country’s history. Their lives before the war were that of being proper while working to maintainRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Devastating Time For The United States Of America883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was a devastating time for the United States of America. During this time the United States was divided. The Civil War was a four year long battle. It is known as one of the bloodiest battles ever fought. Consequently it was fought between people of the same country. We were divided between the North and the South. The cause of the Civil War was slavery. The North was against it and wanted slavery abolished. On the other hand the South did not want to part with slavery. Both the NorthRead MoreMajor Causes And Consequences Of The American Civil War1443 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 2015 1). Historical Causation (Cause and Effect): CE Explain the major causes and consequences of the American Civil War. In general, the American Civil War is thought to have started mostly because of a discrepancy on how to handle slavery. The difference in opinion is most likely a result of political, economic, and religious tension within the country. Before a civil war was even thought about, southern leaders spoke of freeing their slaves and many predicted the demise of slavery dueRead MoreEssay about The Revolutionary War1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe Revolutionary War The Revolutionary War started on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. America was very much unprepared with no central government or army. The congress stepped up as the government and began to organize an army. The Revolutionary War did not end until September 3, 1783 with the signing of the final peace treaty between America and Great Britain. The victory in the Revolution War led to the birth of a new independent nation. After the Revolution it was a timeRead MoreLetter Of The Letter By Harriet Tubman1620 Words   |  7 Pagesfinally made it to the North. It was recorded that â€Å"during a ten-year span she made 19 trips into the South escorting over 300 slaves to freedom† earning the name â€Å"Moses† with her claim to Frederick Douglass that she â€Å"never lost a passenger† (PBS). During the Civil War, she came back from Canada and served as a â€Å"nurse, a liaison between the Union army and the many refugees from slavery, a spy, and a military strategist for the Union coastal invasions into Georgia and South Carolina† (TWE 307). Read MoreSlavery And The American Civil War1125 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery and Civil War Throughout history, it has been commonly misconceived that slavery and the abolishment of slavery has been the sole cause of the American Civil War. Whereas the institution of slavery has been a major cause of the war, the differences in ideologies and beliefs between the North and the South also play a role in the origins of the Civil War. The origins of the Civil War can also be attributed to the political, economical, social, and cultural differences between the North and South

Titration of Calcium HydroxideG Free Essays

We did this by titrating Hydrochloric Acid into 10 com of Calcium Hydroxide. As we titrated HCI into the Calcium Hydroxide solution, the phenolphthalein’s pink shade given to the Calcium Hydroxide slowly became clearer until the complete lack of pink color in the solution of base and acid. My value of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Titration of Calcium HydroxideG or any similar topic only for you Order Now 58 g/mol was close to the accepted value of . 59 g/mol with only a 0. 6 + 0. 007% error, which is almost identical to the theoretical value. Because of such a small percentage error, one can attribute the error to random error, and not systematic because of its small value. Limitation/weakness How much did it affect my result Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. Because of the fact that this is a titration experiment, the stirring and conglomeration of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide needed to be constant in order for the reaction and correct mount of hydrochloric acid was used to neutralize the basic aspect of calcium hydroxide. Because of the inconsistent stirring, there must have been a small amount of error attributed to this limitation, though it may not look as much. Possibility: The Calcium Hydroxide solid that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data. A second limitation/weakness that may have caused our error is because of the fact that we may not have been careful enough with the filtration of the saturated Calcium Hydroxide. Because the filters themselves may not have been perfect experiment might have taken a wrong turn with solid Calcium Hydroxide within the solution as well, needing a smidgen more Hydrochloric Acid to neutralize it. Evaluation of quality of the result: Although there is limitations to our measuring, since we were only able to measure to 2 decimals as a volume, this experiment is still a valid way to figure out the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide with Just the amount and concentration of Hydrochloric Acid, and can be used by other scientists who would theoretically have no idea about how to go about the method of determining the concentration of Calcium Hydroxide. Limitation or weakness Improvement 1 . Human error exists even outside uncertainty, where the HCI solution was possibly not correctly stirred along with the Calcium Hydroxide. To lower this error and improve this limitation, we could have the same person stir the solution/titration constantly, with more precision and concentration over this mixture, as to get the correct amount of HCI needed to neutralize the solution without any disagreements over what neutralized means or not. With two people concentrated over specific tasks, the uncertainty would also become much smaller as well due to less error attributed to our mistakes. 2. Possibility: The Calcium Hydroxide old that did not dissolve into the water may have passed the filter into the actual solution used, causing discrepancies in the data. One of the biggest improvements we could make is that we could, this time around, not add such a large amount of Calcium Hydroxide powder into water blindly, as had been done before, so that we would be able to have more saturated water to work with, as opposed to what we had to work with at that moment when the experiment was done. By doing that, we would be able to reduce uncertainty that may have come along with the solid Calcium Hydroxide mixed in with the saturated solution. How to cite Titration of Calcium HydroxideG, Papers

Care Priorities in Obese Patient

Question: Discuss about the Care Priorities in Obese Patient. Answer: Introduction Clinical reasoning is an important element of providing quality nursing care to the patients. Clinical reasoning involves critical thinking through evidence based study and help the patients to display better outcomes. Clinical reasoning is the core of primary healthcare in Australia, which helps in identifying the complex care needs of patients by obtaining their medical and social history. The purpose of this essay is to identify the complex care priorities of the patient in the given case study. Case study present the information about the 48 years old Michael Anderson. He is suffering from morbid obesity and many chronic conditions associated with morbid obesity, such as obesity ventilation syndrome, sleep apnoea, diabetes and also Gastro-esophageal reflux disease. He clinical comorbities are associated with his heavy weight. Obesity is a serious medical condition that impacts the daily life activities, metal condition and mobility of the patients. Therefore, paper will discuss t he health assessment details of the patient to identify care needs followed by two care priorities and nursing intervention to improve patients outcomes. Assessment and Care Needs Miacheal was presented to the medical ward with the problems of shakiness, diaphoresis, increased hunger, high BGL levels and finding it difficult to breathe when he sleeps. Respiratory problem and difficulty in breathing are commonly associated with obesity. Obesity reduces the sleep and results in problem of breathing while sleeping. Sleep apnea does not have specific or limited treatment, but requires multidisciplinaryapproach and integrated strategy to reduce other symptoms and disease as well (Romero-Corral et al, 2010). Sleeping and breathing problem is also associated with hypertension (Fredheim, 2014). According to the given case study, Michael also suffers from hypertension. Therefore, all the conditions and factors in his case are related to each other. He has poorly controlled diabetes and he is dependent on insulin. He also has poorly controlled diet. On earlier admission to medical ward, he was instructed to reduce high energy diet and start taking high protein dirt. However, Michael found it difficult and his hunger has also been increased. Abnormal eating behavior is common in obese people, which increases the risk of further weight gain (Pinto-Bastos et al, 2016). Clinical reasoning allows understanding the condition of patients and associate physical condition with mental problems (Levett-Jones et al, 2010). Increased hunger in obesity patients is called as emotional eating. Emotional and mental regulation is very significant in morbid obesity patients (Silva, 2015). According to the social history obtained from the patient. His social condition is highly responsible for his emotion and mental problems (depression and hypertension). According to the study of Silva, I. (2015) obesity increases the risk of depression, anxiety and other emotional disorders. Obesity and mental problems are associated with stigma. He lives also because he is divorced and his children live away from him. He lost his job three years ago, which reduced social interactions and after being insulin dependent, his weight started increasing. Social isolation is associated with weight stigma, as Michael feels uncomfortable about his weight and avoids going out of his home. The multifaceted etiology of obesity involves many biological, environmental and behavioral factors. It is very important to consider various associated factors and prepare a collaborative care plan. The complex care priorities identified in the case of Michael Anderson are controlling eating disordered behavior for reducing weight and reducing weight stigma to promote social inclusion. These two complex care priorities are identified in the basis of appropriate clinical reasoning. The first complex care priority for Michael is addressing the issue of weight gain and eating disorder. Obesity is the problem that poses a great barrier in the healthy life and quality of life for patients. Clinical reasoning cycle helped to identiufy the priority need of the patient. Michael wants to lose weight and his strengths can be used to design evidence based interventions for him (Levett-Jones et al, 2010). Michael is the patient of morbid obesity, which means his problem of reduced ability to complete activities of daily life (ADLs). Obesity is associated with diabetes, respiratory problems and physical functioning. It is important to encourage physical activities in patients lifestyle. Though, Michael was asked to continue light exercise, but he was not able to adhere to given recommendations of diet and physical exercise. Therefore, patient will be associated with the class of life style intervention for obesity patients (Kernen, 2011). Factors affecting the lifestyle of patient are lack of motivation and support. Michael will be asked to attend the physical activity classes three to four times in a week. Physical activities will help him to strengthen his muscles and limbs, and he will be able to manage ADLs in a better way (Baillot et al, 2015). Patient will also be encouraged to self-monitor his physical improvements. Self-monitoring will develop confidence, and promote personal well-being in patients. Patient will be encouraged to start low calorie diet. Though, patient is not able to adhere to diet, so he will be supported by the community based programs. According to the study of Habib, Samam, Galvani, (2013) states that diet regimes includes two significant factors. First is the calorie restriction and second is modified composition of diet. Community based program and educational session will provide information and knowledge about consequences of morbid obesity. These sessions will also help Michael to understand important to controlled diet and how diet can be controlled through various regulation strategies. Comprehensive education is an important intervention that helps in providing nutritional education (Nijamkin et al, 2012). Such education effectively helps patient in reducing weight. Medically supervised weight management programs and educational sessions will encourage physical activities, changed eating patter, controlling emotional eating and improving physical fun ctioning (Habib, Samam, Galvani, 2013). Weight stigma is a very significant problem. Morbid obesity is a serious concern that significantly affects the quality of life of the patients. Michael is also suffering from weight stigma, due to which he is not able to find job and have become socially isolated. He feels uncomfortable about his size. Social biases and discrimination often results in emotional and mental problems. The patients become highly stigmatized of facing various forms of prejudices in the society (Puhl Heuer, 2009). The goal of the care plan is to improve the quality of life for the patient. Stigma is also associated with depression and low self-esteem. In order to enhance the self-esteem and confidence in patient, nurse will focus on developing partnership with patient. Partnering with consumers is an effective way of applying patient centered care. Empathetic and therapeutic relationship with patient will help him to come out of his stigma and participate in social activities (Phelan et al, 2015). One of the most significant approaches to address the issue of social stigma and social isolation, nurse will refer the patient to the session of Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This therapy helps in promoting mental health and relieving depression, social and emotional ravages. The mental effects of CBT also help to alter the eating patterns that help in reducing weight. CBT is very beneficial in altering the negative thoughts irrational thinking and emotional illness (Alimoradi et al, 2016). The main focus of this therapy is on the thoughts and feelings of the patient, as it is believed that psychological problems are associated with physical problems. This therapy can help in altering the poor belief of stigma associated with boy image, which can lead to social isolation and bad eating habits (Alimoradi et al, 2016). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy is also beneficial for the obese patients. Obese patient often feel disrespected, unwelcomed and inadequate that negative affects their life and their willingness to seek care. For improving patient condition and reducing stigma behavioral changes can also be initiated. Behavioral change strategies will encourage self-monitoring, problem solving and adopting healthy lifestyle (Gjevestad, 2015). Reducing depression and encouraging social inclusion will require patient to participate in social activities. Social contacts will also be identified. Michaels friends and family members will be included in care plan and will be asked to visit him frequently. Social support will reduce stigma and isolation. Support of family and peers will help patient to have a sense of belongingness, support and relationships. Social connectedness is very significant for every individual, because humans are the social beings and requires working and living within the society. Isolation can worsen the condition of the patient and increase the risk of mortality and reduced life expectancy. The community based programs will allow him to make social contact and social interactions. He will be able to meet other people like him and will not feel inadequate or unwelcome. Clinical reasoning cycle helped to identify the most significant problems of the patient. Through this it become easy to identify the symptoms of loss of social contact, lack of family support and peers. Conclusion Paper presents the case study of Michael Anderson, who is a 48 years old man and he is suffering from morbid obesity. Morbid obesity is a serious condition, which states that person suffers from obesity as well as many other chronic conditions occurred due to obesity. Paper is based on using the Levett-Jones clinical reasoning cycle. Clinical reasoning allowed to understand the various factors associated with poor health condition of patient. Poor health is not just associated with physical condition, but it is also associated with social and psychological factors. The two complex care priorities identified for Michael Anderson are initiating weight loss activities and reducing social isolation. Care plan is designed according to priority needs of the patient that can promote overall physical, mental and emotional health in patient. References Alimoradi, M., Abdolahi, M., Aryan, L., Vazirijavid, R., Ajami, M. (2016). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Adult Obesity.International Journal of Medical Reviews,3(1), 371-379. Baillot, A., Romain, A. J., Boisvert-Vigneault, K., Audet, M., Baillargeon, J. P., Dionne, I. J., ... Langlois, M. F. (2015). Effects of lifestyle interventions that include a physical activity component in class II and III obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One,10(4), e0119017. Fredheim, J. M. (2014). Obstructive sleep apnea in severely obese subjects. Diagnosis, association with glucose intolerance and the effect of surgical and non-surgical weight loss. Gjevestad, E. (2015). Comparative effects of lifestyle intervention, low calorie diet and bariatric surgery on weight loss and arterial stiffness. Non-randomized clinical trials including treatment seeking morbidly obese patients. Habib, S., Samam, J., Galvani, C. A. (2013). Treatment of Morbid Obesity.Surgery Curr Res,3(135), 2161-1076. Kernen, A. M. (2011).Lifestyle interventions in treatment of obese adults(Doctoral dissertation, OULU UNIVERSITY). Koski, M., Naukkarinen, H. (2017). Severe obesity, emotions and eating habits: a case-control study.BMC obesity,4(1), 2. Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients.Nurse education today,30(6), 515-520. Nijamkin, M. P., Campa, A., Sosa, J., Baum, M., Himburg, S., Johnson, P. (2012). Comprehensive nutrition and lifestyle education improves weight loss and physical activity in Hispanic Americans following gastric bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,112(3), 382-390. Phelan, S. M., Burgess, D. J., Yeazel, M. W., Hellerstedt, W. L., Griffin, J. M., Ryn, M. (2015). Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity. obesity reviews, 16(4), 319-326. Pinto-Bastos, A., Ramalho, S. M., Conceio, E., Mitchell, J. (2016). Disordered Eating and Obesity. InObesity(pp. 309-319). Springer International Publishing. Puhl, R. M., Heuer, C. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: a review and update.Obesity,17(5), 941-964. Romero-Corral, A., Caples, S. M., Lopez-Jimenez, F., Somers, V. K. (2010). Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for treatment.CHEST Journal,137(3), 711-719. Silva, I. (2015). Importance of emotional regulation in obesity and weight loss treatment.Fractal: Revista de Psicologia,27(3), 286-290.